75-47-8

75-47-8结构式
75-47-8结构式
  • 常用中文名:三碘甲烷
  • 常用英文名:iodoform
  • CAS号:75-47-8
  • 分子式:CHI3
  • 分子量:393.732
  • 相关类别: 原料药 人工合成抗感染类药 消毒防腐药
  • 发布时间:2018-04-28 08:00:00
  • 更新时间:2024-01-02 16:56:50
  • Iodoform is the organoiodine compound with the formula CHI3. A pale yellow, crystalline, volatile substance, it has a penetrating and distinctive odor (in older chemistry texts, the smell is sometimes referred to as the smell of hospitals, where the compound is still commonly used) and, analogous to chloroform, sweetish taste. It is occasionally used as a disinfectant. It is also known as tri-iodomethane, carbon triiodide, and methyl triiodide.
  • 【用途一】
    在医芭和生物化学中用作防腐剂和消毒剂。小鼠口服LD50为910mg/kg。
    【用途二】
    生物化学,防腐。

化源商城直购

中文名 碘仿
英文名 iodoform
中文别名 IPG干胶条
三碘甲烷
英文别名 carbon triiodide
Iodoform (JP15/USP)
Iodoform
Trijodmethane [Czech]
Jodoform
CHI3
Methane, triiodo-
Dezinfekt V
Jodoform [Czech]
MFCD00001069
Methane,triiodo
triiodomethane
Trijod-methan
EINECS 200-874-5
密度 3.9±0.1 g/cm3
沸点 250.7±8.0 °C at 760 mmHg
熔点 119 °C
分子式 CHI3
分子量 393.732
闪点 129.0±13.9 °C
精确质量 393.721191
LogP 3.51
外观性状 黄色粉末或晶体
蒸汽压 0.0±0.5 mmHg at 25°C
折射率 1.851
储存条件

储存注意事项储存于阴凉、通风的库房。远离火种、热源。避免光照。包装密封。应与氧化剂、碱类、碱金属、食用化学品分开存放,切忌混储。储区应备有合适的材料收容泄漏物。

稳定性

1.稳定性 稳定

2.禁配物 强氧化剂、强碱、碱金属、汞及其化合物

3.避免接触的条件 光照、受热、摩擦、撞击

4.聚合危害 不聚合

5.分解产物 碘化氢

水溶解性 Insoluble.
分子结构

1、摩尔折射率:45.54

2、摩尔体积(cm3/mol):101.8

3、等张比容(90.2K):291.2

4、表面张力(dyne/cm):66.7

5、极化率(10-24cm3):18.05

计算化学

1.疏水参数计算参考值(XlogP):2.7

2.氢键供体数量:0

3.氢键受体数量:0

4.可旋转化学键数量:0

5.互变异构体数量:无

6.拓扑分子极性表面积0

7.重原子数量:4

8.表面电荷:0

9.复杂度:8

10.同位素原子数量:0

11.确定原子立构中心数量:0

12.不确定原子立构中心数量:0

13.确定化学键立构中心数量:0

14.不确定化学键立构中心数量:0

15.共价键单元数量:1

更多

1.性状:黄色粉末或晶体,有不愉快的气味。

2.熔点(℃):115~120

3.沸点(℃):218

4.相对密度(水=1):4.01

5.相对蒸气密度(空气=1):13.0

6.辛醇/水分配系数:3.03

7.溶解性:微溶于水,溶于苯、乙醚、丙酮。

8.晶相标准声称热(焓)( kJ·mol-1):141.0

9.气相标准声称热(焓)( kJ·mol-1) :210.9

10.气相标准熵(J·mol-1·K-1) :355.62

11.气相标准生成自由能( kJ·mol-1):178.0

12.气相标准热熔(J·mol-1·K-1):75.07

国标编号: 61570
CAS: 75-47-8
中文名称: 三碘甲烷
英文名称: Iodoform;triiodomethane
别 名: 碘仿
分子式: CHI3
分子量: 393.73
熔 点: 123℃
密 度: 相对密度(水=1)4.01
蒸汽压: 218℃
溶解性: 微溶于水,溶于苯、乙醚、丙酮
稳定性: 稳定
外观与性状: 黄色粉末或晶体,有不愉快的气味
危险标记: 14(有毒品)
用 途: 用作防腐剂

2、对环境的影响
该物质对环境可能有危害,应注意对大气的污染。

一、健康危害

侵入途径:吸入、食入、经皮吸收。
健康危害;对呼吸道有刺激性,吸入后出现咳嗽、呼吸困难、胸痛,重者发生肺水肿。高浓度接触可引起神经系统改变,出现精神错乱、兴奋、头痛、幻觉、共济失调等。对眼有刺激性。口服灼伤口腔和胃,出现中枢神经系统抑制及心、肝、肾损害。慢性影响:皮肤长期接触可至湿疹;有时引起全身瓜,如发热、皮疹等。可致肝、肾损害。

二、毒理学资料及环境行为

毒性:属中等毒类。
急性毒性:LD50355mg/kg(大鼠经口);1184mg/kg(兔经皮);LC502657mg/m3,7小时(小鼠吸入)
特殊毒性:Ames试验鼠伤寒沙门氏菌阴性。

危险特性:不燃。与锂、钾钠合金接触剧烈反应。本品较不稳定,在空气与阳光照射下容易分解出游离碘能刺激眼睛和呼吸道,并灼伤皮肤。
燃烧(分解)产物:一氧化碳、二氧化碳、碘化氢。

3、现场应急监测方法
 

4、实验室监测方法
药物制剂中三碘甲烷的定量测定[刊,乌克兰]/Listov S.A.;Bogrdanova V.N.//фарм.ж.(Киев).-1986,(3).-44~46 《分析化学文摘 》1988.5.

5、环境标准
美国 车间卫生标准 10mg/m3
嗅觉阈浓度 0.37ppb

6.应急处理处置方法
一、泄漏应急处理

隔离泄漏污染区,限制出入。切断火源。建议应急处理人员戴自给式呼吸器,穿一般作业工作服。小量泄漏:避免扬尘,小心扫起,置于袋中转移至安全场所。大量泄漏:用塑料布、帆布覆盖,减少飞散。然后收集、回收或运至废物处理场所处置。

二、防护措施

呼吸系统防护:可能接触其粉尘时,应该佩带自吸过滤式防尘口罩。紧急事态抢救或撤离时,建议佩戴自给式呼吸器。
眼睛防护:戴安全防护眼镜。
身体防护:穿透气型防毒服。
手防护:戴防化学品手套。
其它:工作现场禁止吸烟、进食和饮水。工作毕,沐浴更衣。单独存放被毒物污染的衣服。洗后备用。注意个人清洁卫生。

三、急救措施

皮肤接触:脱去被污染的衣着,用肥皂水和清水彻底冲洗皮肤。就医。
眼睛接触:提起眼睑,用流动清水或生理盐水冲洗,就医。
吸入:迅速脱离现场至空气新鲜处。保持呼吸道通畅。如呼吸困难,给输氧。如呼吸停止,立即进行人工呼吸。就医。
食入:饮足量温水,催吐,就医。

灭火方法:消防人员须佩戴防毒面具、穿全身消防服。灭火剂:雾状水、泡沫、二氧化碳、砂土。

毒理学数据:

1.急性毒性

LD50:355mg/kg(大鼠经口);1184mg/kg(兔经皮)

LC50:2657mg/m3(小鼠吸入,7h)

2.刺激性 暂无资料

3.致突变性 微生物致突变:鼠伤寒沙门菌67μg/皿。仓鼠胚胎程序外DNA合成和姐妹染色体交换:1mg/L。

生态学数据:

1.生态毒性 LC50:2.92mg/L(96h)(黑头呆鱼,动态)

2.生物降解性 暂无资料

3.非生物降解性空气中,当羟基自由基浓度为5.00×105个/cm3时,降解半衰期为55d(理论)。

4.其他有害作用 该物质对环境有危害,应注意对大气的污染。

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :
PB7000000
CHEMICAL NAME :
Methane, triiodo-
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :
75-47-8
LAST UPDATED :
199801
DATA ITEMS CITED :
34
MOLECULAR FORMULA :
C-H-I3
MOLECULAR WEIGHT :
393.72
WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :
IYII

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
355 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - altered sleep time (including change in righting reflex) Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea
TYPE OF TEST :
LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
165 ppm/7H
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory stimulation
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Administration onto the skin
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
1184 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - altered sleep time (including change in righting reflex) Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
470 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
630 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - antipsychotic Vascular - other changes Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Mammal - dog
DOSE/DURATION :
10 gm/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - tremor Behavioral - muscle contraction or spasticity Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION :
450 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - altered sleep time (including change in righting reflex) Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION :
500 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - guinea pig
DOSE/DURATION :
487 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - altered sleep time (including change in righting reflex) Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Unreported
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Amphibian - frog
DOSE/DURATION :
606 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Mammal - species unspecified
DOSE/DURATION :
1 gm/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Mammal - species unspecified
DOSE/DURATION :
1500 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
875 mg/kg/35D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Liver - changes in liver weight Blood - changes in erythrocyte (RBC) count Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - multiple enzyme effects
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
2166 mg/kg/61D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Liver - other changes

MUTATION DATA

TYPE OF TEST :
Sister chromatid exchange
TEST SYSTEM :
Rodent - hamster Embryo
REFERENCE :
SHIGAZ Shigaku. Ondotology. (Nippon Shika Daigaku Shigakkai, 1-9-20 Fujimi, Chiyodaku, Tokyo 102, Japan) V.38- 1949- Volume(issue)/page/year: 74,1385,1987 *** REVIEWS *** ACGIH TLV-TWA 10 mg/m3 (0.6 ppm) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 *** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS *** OEL-AUSTRALIA:TWA 0.6 ppm (10 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-BELGIUM:TWA 0.6 ppm (10 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-DENMARK:TWA 0.2 ppm (3 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-FINLAND:TWA 0.2 ppm (3 mg/m3);STEL 0.6 ppm (10 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-FRANCE:TWA 0.6 ppm (10 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-THE NETHERLANDS:TWA 0.2 ppm (3 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-SWITZERLAND:TWA 0.6 ppm (10 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-UNITED KINGDOM:TWA 0.6 ppm (10 mg/m3);STEL 1 ppm (20 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL IN BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA check ACGIH TLV OEL IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LEVEL (REL) : NIOSH REL TO IODOFORM-air:10H TWA 0.6 ppm REFERENCE : NIOSH* National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda. Volume(issue)/page/year: DHHS #92-100,1992 NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 84474 No. of Facilities: 390 (estimated) No. of Industries: 2 No. of Occupations: 5 No. of Employees: 1882 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 84474 No. of Facilities: 510 (estimated) No. of Industries: 4 No. of Occupations: 12 No. of Employees: 22584 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 20381 (estimated)

符号 GHS07
GHS07
信号词 Warning
危害声明 H302 + H312 + H332-H315-H319-H335
警示性声明 P261-P280-P305 + P351 + P338
个人防护装备 dust mask type N95 (US);Eyeshields;Faceshields;Gloves
危害码 (欧洲) Xn:Harmful;
风险声明 (欧洲) R20/21/22;R36/37/38
安全声明 (欧洲) S26-S36/37-S36/37/39-S22
危险品运输编码 UN 1851
WGK德国 3
RTECS号 PB7000000
危险类别 6.1

由丙酮(或乙醇)经卤化、水解而得。先将水、碘化钠及丙酮加入反应锅,加冰降温至10℃。搅拌下缓缓加入次氯酸钠,直至不产生浑浊即达终点,控制温度不超过20℃。静置1h,吸去上层清液,取出碘仿层过滤。滤饼用水洗至中性,再用蒸馏水洗至无氯根为止。然后将其他35-40℃干燥,即得成品。此外,由氯仿与碘甲烷反应也可制备该品。