(+)-柠檬烯

(+)-柠檬烯用途

(d)-Limonene is a commercial flavorant, odorant, cleaning solvent, and insecticide found in the rind of various citrus plants. It displays a wide range of activities, including cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in gastric carcinoma cells, inducing phase II enzyme expression to limit oxidative damage, and suppressing cytokine production by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells.

(+)-柠檬烯名称

[ CAS 号 ]:
5989-27-5

[ 中文名 ]:
d-柠檬烯

[ 英文名 ]:
(+)-Limonene

[中文别名 ]:

[英文别名 ]:

(+)-a-Limonene
(4R)-1-methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)cyclohexene
(4R)-4-Isopropenyl-1-methylcyclohexene
p-mentha-1,8-diene
(4R)-1-Methyl-4-(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohexene
R-(+)-limonene
EINECS 227-813-5
(+)-p-mentha-1,8-diene
(+)-(4R)-Limonene
1-methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)cyclohexane

(+)-柠檬烯物理化学性质

[ 密度 ]:
0.8±0.1 g/cm3

[ 沸点 ]:
175.4±20.0 °C at 760 mmHg

[ 熔点 ]:
-74ºC

[ 分子式 ]:
C₁₀H₁₆

[ 分子量 ]:
136.234

[ 闪点 ]:
42.8±0.0 °C

[ 精确质量 ]:
136.125198

[ LogP ]:
4.45

[ 外观性状 ]:
透明近乎于无色

[ 蒸汽压 ]:
1.5±0.2 mmHg at 25°C

[ 折射率 ]:
1.468

[ 储存条件 ]:
存放于惰性气体之中;避免光,空气

[ 水溶解性 ]:
水溶性：不溶；水溶解度：13.8 mg/l 25 °C；混溶：乙醚,醇

(+)-柠檬烯MSDS

详细MSDS(安全技术说明书)

(+)-柠檬烯毒性和生态

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :: GW6360000

CHEMICAL NAME :: Cyclohexene, 1-methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)-, (R)-

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :: 5989-27-5

LAST UPDATED :: 199712

DATA ITEMS CITED :: 35

MOLECULAR FORMULA :: C10-H16

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :: 136.26

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :: L6UTJ A1 DY1&U1 -R

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 4400 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - changes in motor activity (specific assay) Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory depression Skin and Appendages - hair

REFERENCE :: OYYAA2 Oyo Yakuri. Pharmacometrics. (Oyo Yakuri Kenkyukai, CPO Box 180, Sendai 980-91, Japan) V.1- 1967- Volume(issue)/page/year: 9,387,1975

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 3600 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - changes in motor activity (specific assay) Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory depression Skin and Appendages - hair

REFERENCE :: OYYAA2 Oyo Yakuri. Pharmacometrics. (Oyo Yakuri Kenkyukai, CPO Box 180, Sendai 980-91, Japan) V.1- 1967- Volume(issue)/page/year: 9,387,1975

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 30200 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - excitement Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory depression Skin and Appendages - hair

REFERENCE :: OYYAA2 Oyo Yakuri. Pharmacometrics. (Oyo Yakuri Kenkyukai, CPO Box 180, Sendai 980-91, Japan) V.1- 1967- Volume(issue)/page/year: 9,387,1975

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 110 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory depression Skin and Appendages - hair

REFERENCE :: OYYAA2 Oyo Yakuri. Pharmacometrics. (Oyo Yakuri Kenkyukai, CPO Box 180, Sendai 980-91, Japan) V.1- 1967- Volume(issue)/page/year: 9,387,1975

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 5600 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - changes in motor activity (specific assay) Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory depression Skin and Appendages - hair

REFERENCE :: OYYAA2 Oyo Yakuri. Pharmacometrics. (Oyo Yakuri Kenkyukai, CPO Box 180, Sendai 980-91, Japan) V.1- 1967- Volume(issue)/page/year: 9,387,1975

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 600 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - altered sleep time (including change in righting reflex) Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - body temperature decrease

REFERENCE :: OYYAA2 Oyo Yakuri. Pharmacometrics. (Oyo Yakuri Kenkyukai, CPO Box 180, Sendai 980-91, Japan) V.1- 1967- Volume(issue)/page/year: 8,1439,1974

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 3170 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Peripheral Nerve and Sensation - spastic paralysis with or without sensory change

REFERENCE :: SIZSAR Sapporo Igaku Zasshi. Sapporo Medical Journal. (Sapporo Igaku Daigaku, Nishi-17-chome, Minami-1-jo, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 060, Japan) V.3- 1952- Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,73,1952

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraduodenal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 1 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - altered sleep time (including change in righting reflex) Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - body temperature decrease

REFERENCE :: OYYAA2 Oyo Yakuri. Pharmacometrics. (Oyo Yakuri Kenkyukai, CPO Box 180, Sendai 980-91, Japan) V.1- 1967- Volume(issue)/page/year: 8,1439,1974

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: >5 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: FCTXAV Food and Cosmetics Toxicology. (London, UK) V.1-19, 1963-81. For publisher information, see FCTOD7. Volume(issue)/page/year: 13,825,1975

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Mammal - species unspecified

DOSE/DURATION :: >5 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: FCTXAV Food and Cosmetics Toxicology. (London, UK) V.1-19, 1963-81. For publisher information, see FCTOD7. Volume(issue)/page/year: 12,703,1974 ** OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE TOXICITY DATA **

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 39600 mg/kg/16D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Related to Chronic Data - death

REFERENCE :: NTPTR* National Toxicology Program Technical Report Series. (Research Triangle Park, NC 27709) No.206- Volume(issue)/page/year: NTP-TR-347,1990

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 840 mg/kg/4W-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - other changes in urine composition Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - other changes

REFERENCE :: FCTOD7 Food and Chemical Toxicology. (Pergamon Press Inc., Maxwell House, Fairview Park, Elmsford, NY 10523) V.20- 1982- Volume(issue)/page/year: 31,125,1993

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 4875 mg/kg/91D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Liver - changes in liver weight Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - other changes Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in bladder weight

REFERENCE :: FCTOD7 Food and Chemical Toxicology. (Pergamon Press Inc., Maxwell House, Fairview Park, Elmsford, NY 10523) V.20- 1982- Volume(issue)/page/year: 27,639,1989

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 1500 mg/kg/5D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Liver - changes in liver weight Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in bladder weight

REFERENCE :: FCTOD7 Food and Chemical Toxicology. (Pergamon Press Inc., Maxwell House, Fairview Park, Elmsford, NY 10523) V.20- 1982- Volume(issue)/page/year: 25,345,1987

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 39600 mg/kg/16D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Related to Chronic Data - death

REFERENCE :: NTPTR* National Toxicology Program Technical Report Series. (Research Triangle Park, NC 27709) No.206- Volume(issue)/page/year: NTP-TR-347,1990

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 32500 mg/kg/13W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Related to Chronic Data - death

REFERENCE :: NTPTR* National Toxicology Program Technical Report Series. (Research Triangle Park, NC 27709) No.206- Volume(issue)/page/year: NTP-TR-347,1990

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Mammal - dog

DOSE/DURATION :: 180 gm/kg/26W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in bladder weight

REFERENCE :: FCTOD7 Food and Chemical Toxicology. (Pergamon Press Inc., Maxwell House, Fairview Park, Elmsford, NY 10523) V.20- 1982- Volume(issue)/page/year: 28,669,1990 ** TUMORIGENIC DATA **

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 38625 mg/kg/2Y-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - Kidney tumors Reproductive - Tumorigenic effects - testicular tumors

REFERENCE :: NTPTR* National Toxicology Program Technical Report Series. (Research Triangle Park, NC 27709) No.206- Volume(issue)/page/year: NTP-TR-347,1990

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 67 gm/kg/39W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Gastrointestinal - tumors

REFERENCE :: JNCIAM Journal of the National Cancer Institute. (Washington, DC) V.1-60, 1940-78. For publisher information, see JJIND8. Volume(issue)/page/year: 35,771,1965 ** REPRODUCTIVE DATA **

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

DOSE :: 20083 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 9-15 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - growth statistics (e.g.%, reduced weight gain) Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - physical

REFERENCE :: OYYAA2 Oyo Yakuri. Pharmacometrics. (Oyo Yakuri Kenkyukai, CPO Box 180, Sendai 980-91, Japan) V.1- 1967- Volume(issue)/page/year: 10,179,1975

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

DOSE :: 3546 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 7-12 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - physical

REFERENCE :: OYYAA2 Oyo Yakuri. Pharmacometrics. (Oyo Yakuri Kenkyukai, CPO Box 180, Sendai 980-91, Japan) V.1- 1967- Volume(issue)/page/year: 13,863,1977

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

DOSE :: 14178 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 7-12 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - growth statistics (e.g.%, reduced weight gain)

REFERENCE :: OYYAA2 Oyo Yakuri. Pharmacometrics. (Oyo Yakuri Kenkyukai, CPO Box 180, Sendai 980-91, Japan) V.1- 1967- Volume(issue)/page/year: 13,863,1977

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

DOSE :: 3250 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 6-18 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - physical

REFERENCE :: OYYAA2 Oyo Yakuri. Pharmacometrics. (Oyo Yakuri Kenkyukai, CPO Box 180, Sendai 980-91, Japan) V.1- 1967- Volume(issue)/page/year: 13,885,1977 *** REVIEWS *** IARC Cancer Review:Animal Limited Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 56,135,1993 IARC Cancer Review:Human No Available Data IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 56,135,1993 IARC Cancer Review:Group 3 IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 56,135,1993 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW CTRRDO Cancer Treatment Reports. (Washington, DC) V.60-71, 1976-87. For publisher information, see JNCIEQ. Volume(issue)/page/year: 60,1171,1976 *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - X9088 No. of Facilities: 8310 (estimated) No. of Industries: 87 No. of Occupations: 65 No. of Employees: 138309 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 35634 (estimated)

(+)-柠檬烯安全信息

[ 符号 ]:

GHS02, GHS07, GHS08, GHS09

[ 信号词 ]:
Danger

[ 危害声明 ]:
H226-H304-H315-H317-H410

[ 警示性声明 ]:
P273-P280-P301 + P310-P331-P501

[ 个人防护装备 ]:
Eyeshields;Faceshields;full-face respirator (US);Gloves;multi-purpose combination respirator cartridge (US);type ABEK (EN14387) respirator filter

[ 危害码 (欧洲) ]:
Xi:Irritant;N:Dangerousfortheenvironment;

[ 风险声明 (欧洲) ]:
R10;R38;R43;R50/53

[ 安全声明 (欧洲) ]:
S24-S37-S60-S61

[ 危险品运输编码 ]:
UN 2052 3

[ WGK德国 ]:
2

[ RTECS号 ]:
GW6360000

[ 包装等级 ]:
III

[ 危险类别 ]:
3.0

[ 海关编码 ]:
2902199012

(+)-柠檬烯上下游产品

(+)-柠檬烯上游产品

(+)-柠檬烯下游产品

(+)-柠檬烯制备

1.自含有d-芋烯的天然精油(如橙油)中分馏出初品。加金属钠后重蒸一次，此为粗品。经溴化成四溴芋烯，再在含锌粉的乙醇液中还原而得纯品。

2.提取新鲜橘皮挑拣洗净，用4～5倍量1%石灰水浸泡，清水漂清至ph值7～8，压榨出油。油层用无水硫酸钠干燥后，减压收集64～66℃、1.9998KPa之间的馏分，即为柠檬烯。

3. 烟草：FC，40。

4. 合成：由柑橘油去萜部分的萜烯混合物中分馏而得，或用松油醇脱水的方法制取。

(+)-柠檬烯海关

[ 海关编码 ]: 2902199012

[ 中文概述 ]:
2902199012 d-柠檬烯。监管条件:无。增值税率:17.0%。退税率:9.0%。最低关税:2.0%。普通关税:30.0%

[ 申报要素 ]: 品名, 成分含量

[ Summary ]:
2902199012 1-methyl-4-(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohex-1-ene。Supervision conditions:None。VAT:17.0%。Tax rebate rate:9.0%。Lowest tariff:2.0%。General tariff:30.0%

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