Chloral hydrate

DATA ITEMS CITED :

81

MOLECULAR FORMULA :

C2-H3-Cl3-O2

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :

165.40

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :

QYQXGGG

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Human - man

DOSE/DURATION :

1 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - coma Cardiac - pulse rate increase, without fall in BP Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - cyanosis

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Human - child

DOSE/DURATION :

219 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Cardiac - arrhythmias (including changes in conduction)

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Human - woman

DOSE/DURATION :

960 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral - hallucinations, distorted perceptions Cardiac - pulse rate increase, without fall in BP

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Human - woman

DOSE/DURATION :

465 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - effect, not otherwise specified Behavioral - coma Vascular - BP lowering not characterized in autonomic section

TYPE OF TEST :

LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Human

DOSE/DURATION :

4 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - miosis (pupillary constriction) Gastrointestinal - nausea or vomiting

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Human

DOSE/DURATION :

300 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - general anesthetic Cardiac - arrhythmias (including changes in conduction) Vascular - BP lowering not characterized in autonomic section

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Human - child

DOSE/DURATION :

39 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Skin and Appendages - dermatitis, other (after systemic exposure)

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Human - child

DOSE/DURATION :

88 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - cyanosis Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory depression

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Unreported

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Human - child

DOSE/DURATION :

48 mg/kg/6H-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Cardiac - pulse rate increase, without fall in BP

TYPE OF TEST :

LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Unreported

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Human - man

DOSE/DURATION :

103 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Unreported

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Human - infant

DOSE/DURATION :

160 mg/kg/3D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Cardiac - arrhythmias (including changes in conduction)

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Rectal

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Human - child

DOSE/DURATION :

97 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Cardiac - pulse rate increase, without fall in BP

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

479 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

3030 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

472 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Parenteral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

710 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Unreported

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

725 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral - excitement Behavioral - ataxia

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Rectal

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

710 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

1100 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

580 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity)

TYPE OF TEST :

LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

800 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - general anesthetic Behavioral - excitement Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

530 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Unreported

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

850 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral - excitement Behavioral - ataxia

TYPE OF TEST :

LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Mammal - dog

DOSE/DURATION :

1 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - sleep

TYPE OF TEST :

LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Mammal - dog

DOSE/DURATION :

180 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - general anesthetic

TYPE OF TEST :

LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Mammal - cat

DOSE/DURATION :

400 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - sleep

TYPE OF TEST :

LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :

1200 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - general anesthetic

TYPE OF TEST :

LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :

1 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - general anesthetic Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes

TYPE OF TEST :

LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :

400 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Unreported

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :

1400 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral - excitement Behavioral - ataxia

TYPE OF TEST :

LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Rectal

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :

1 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - general anesthetic Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes

TYPE OF TEST :

LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - guinea pig

DOSE/DURATION :

400 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Unreported

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - guinea pig

DOSE/DURATION :

940 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral - excitement Behavioral - ataxia

TYPE OF TEST :

LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intraarterial

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - guinea pig

DOSE/DURATION :

400 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Bird - pigeon

DOSE/DURATION :

300 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Amphibian - frog

DOSE/DURATION :

938 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Parenteral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Amphibian - frog

DOSE/DURATION :

900 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Mammal - cattle

DOSE/DURATION :

30 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Mammal - cattle

DOSE/DURATION :

10 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Rectal

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Mammal - cattle

DOSE/DURATION :

30 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

15120 mg/kg/90D-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Liver - hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), zonal Blood - changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - transaminases

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

210 mg/kg/30W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Blood - other changes Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - true cholinesterase

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

1413 mg/kg/90D-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - body temperature decrease

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

2016 mg/kg/14D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Liver - changes in liver weight Endocrine - changes in spleen weight Blood - changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

1440 mg/kg/90D-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Liver - changes in liver weight Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - other changes Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - hepatic microsomal mixed oxidase (dealkylation, hydroxylation, etc.)

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

10 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Liver - tumors

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

960 mg/kg/1W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Skin and Appendages - tumors

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

DOSE :

13 gm/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 3 week(s) pre-mating - 3 week(s) post-birth

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - behavioral

TYPE OF TEST :

Specific locus test

TYPE OF TEST :

Micronucleus test

TYPE OF TEST :

Micronucleus test

TYPE OF TEST :

Sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction

MUTATION DATA

TYPE OF TEST :

Sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction

TEST SYSTEM :

Rodent - hamster Lung

DOSE/DURATION :

500 mg/L

REFERENCE :

MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 287,29,1993 *** REVIEWS *** IARC Cancer Review:Animal Limited Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 63,245,1995 IARC Cancer Review:Human Inadequate Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 63,245,1995 IARC Cancer Review:Group 3 IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 63,245,1995 *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 84490 No. of Facilities: 1191 (estimated) No. of Industries: 3 No. of Occupations: 10 No. of Employees: 10916 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 84490 No. of Facilities: 264 (estimated) No. of Industries: 4 No. of Occupations: 11 No. of Employees: 11278 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 8131 (estimated)