Raloxifene 4'-glucuronide

Modify Date: 2024-01-02 22:13:07

Raloxifene 4'-glucuronide Structure
Raloxifene 4'-glucuronide structure
Common Name Raloxifene 4'-glucuronide
CAS Number 182507-22-8 Molecular Weight 649.70700
Density N/A Boiling Point N/A
Molecular Formula C34H35NO10S Melting Point 209-213ºC
MSDS N/A Flash Point N/A

 Use of Raloxifene 4'-glucuronide


Raloxifene 4'-glucuronide is a primary metabolite of Raloxifene. Raloxifene 4'-glucuronide formation is mediated mostly by UGT1A10 and UGT1A8. Raloxifene 4'-glucuronide binds to estrogen receptor with an IC50 of 370 μM. [1][2]. Raloxifene is a selective estrogen receptor modulator. Raloxifene activates TGFβ3 promoter as a full agonist at nanomolar concentrations, and inhibits the estrogen response element-containing vitellogenin promoter expression[3].

 Names

Name Raloxifene 4'-Glucuronide
Synonym More Synonyms

 Raloxifene 4'-glucuronide Biological Activity

Description Raloxifene 4'-glucuronide is a primary metabolite of Raloxifene. Raloxifene 4'-glucuronide formation is mediated mostly by UGT1A10 and UGT1A8. Raloxifene 4'-glucuronide binds to estrogen receptor with an IC50 of 370 μM. [1][2]. Raloxifene is a selective estrogen receptor modulator. Raloxifene activates TGFβ3 promoter as a full agonist at nanomolar concentrations, and inhibits the estrogen response element-containing vitellogenin promoter expression[3].
Related Catalog
Target

IC50: 370 μM (Estrogen receptor)[2]

In Vitro Expressed UGT1A8 catalyzes Raloxifene 4'-glucuronide with an apparent Km of 59 μM and a Vmax of 2.0 nmol/min/mg. Based on rates of Raloxifene glucuronidation and known extrahepatic expression, UGT1A8 and 1A10 appear to be primary contributors to Raloxifene glucuronidation in human jejunum microsomes. For human liver microsomes, the variability of Raloxifene 4'-glucuronide formation is 4-fold. Treatment of expressed UGTs with alamethicin results in minor increases in enzyme activity, whereas in human intestinal microsomes, maximal increases of 9-fold for the Raloxifene 4'-glucuronide are observed. Intrinsic clearance values in intestinal microsomes are 95 μl/min/mg for the Raloxifene 4'-glucuronide[2].
References

[1]. Izgelov D, et al. The Effect of Piperine Pro-Nano Lipospheres on Direct Intestinal Phase II Metabolism: The Raloxifene Paradigm of Enhanced Oral Bioavailability. Mol Pharm. 2018 Apr 2;15(4):1548-1555.

[2]. Kemp DC, et al. Characterization of raloxifene glucuronidation in vitro: contribution of intestinal metabolism to presystemic clearance. Drug Metab Dispos. 2002 Jun;30(6):694-700.

[3]. Yang NN, et al. Estrogen and raloxifene stimulate transforming growth factor-beta 3 gene expression in rat bone: a potential mechanism for estrogen- or raloxifene-mediated bone maintenance. Endocrinology. 1996 May;137(5):2075-84.

 Chemical & Physical Properties

Melting Point 209-213ºC
Molecular Formula C34H35NO10S
Molecular Weight 649.70700
Exact Mass 649.19800
PSA 194.46000
LogP 3.57850
Index of Refraction 1.682

 Synonyms

raloxifene-4-glucuronide