91524-16-2

91524-16-2 structure

Name: Timolol hemihydrate
Chemical Name: (S)-timolol hemihydrate
CAS Number: 91524-16-2
Molecular Formula: C₂₆H₅₀N₈O₇S₂
Molecular Weight: 650.85500
Catalog: Signaling Pathways GPCR/G Protein Adrenergic Receptor
Create Date: 2016-01-07 17:06:57
Modify Date: 2025-08-22 11:29:15
Timolol (hemihydrate) is a β-blocker available for both topical and systemic administration. Timolol (hemihydrate) is primarily used to reduce intraocular pressure with open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension and Timolol (hemihydrate) also has cardioprotective effect[1][2].

Name	(S)-timolol hemihydrate
Synonyms	timolol.0.5H2O Timolol hemihydrate (2S)-1-(tert-butylamino)-3-[(4-morpholin-4-yl-1,2,5-thiadiazol-3-yl)oxy]propan-2-ol,hydrate UNII-817W3C6175

Description	Timolol (hemihydrate) is a β-blocker available for both topical and systemic administration. Timolol (hemihydrate) is primarily used to reduce intraocular pressure with open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension and Timolol (hemihydrate) also has cardioprotective effect[1][2].
Related Catalog	Research Areas >> Infection Signaling Pathways >> GPCR/G Protein >> Adrenergic Receptor
In Vitro	Timolol (hemihydrate) can significantly prevent the increased lipid peroxidation level of the heart from diabetic rats. Timolol (hemihydrate) can induce a well-balanced ratio between oxidative stress and antioxidant defense system in the diabetic animals, can have an important cardioprotection against diabetes-induced ERS and associated apoptotic effects[3].
In Vivo	Timolol (hemihydrate) (5 mg/kg daily for 12-week) has a cardioprotective effect via inhibition of ERS response in diabetic rats[3]. Animal Model: Male Wistar rats[3]. Dosage: 5 mg/kg Administration: Timolol (5 mg/kg daily for 12-week) Result: Showed cardioprotective effect.
References	[1]. Figen Amber Cicek, et al. Beta-blocker timolol alleviates hyperglycemia-induced cardiac damage via inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress. J Bioenerg Biomembr [2]. E. Ansari, et al. Treatment of open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension with preservative-free tafuprost/timolol fxed-dose combination therapy: 6 case reports and clinical outcomes. BMC Ophthalmol. 2022 Apr 2;22(1):152.