Swinholide A

Swinholide A is the actin-binding marine polyketide and dimerizes actin with the Kd of ~ 50 nM[1]. Swinholide A is a microfilament disrupting marine toxin that stabilizes actin dimers and severs actin filaments. Swinholide A disrupts the actin cytoskeleton of cells.Antifungal activity[2].

Research Areas >> Infection

Signaling Pathways >> Anti-infection >> Fungal

Swinholide A, first isolated from the Okinawan marine sponge Theonella swinhoei, dimerizes actin[1]. Swinholide A, isolated from the marien sponge Theonella swinhoei, is highly cytotoxic to a variety of cancer cell lines[2]. Swinholide A disrupts the actin cytoskeleton of cells grown in culture, sequesters actin dimers in vitro in both polymerizing and non-polymerizing buffers with a binding stoichiometry of one swinholide A molecule per actin dimer, and rapidly severs F-actin in vitro with high cooperativity[2]. Cell Viability Assay[2] Cell Line: Balb/c 3T3 and Swiss 3T3 cells Concentration: 5-100 nM Incubation Time: 1-24 h Result: Exponentially growing cells exposed to 10 nM for 24 h became arborized with diffuse cytoplasmic staining and fluorescent punctate structures. Partial cell retraction or arborization and diminution of microfilament bundles began after 2-4 h, with complete loss of stress fibers by 5-7 h at concentrations of 10-50 nM. Caused rounding of cultured mouse embryo 3T3 fibroblast cells within 1 h at concentration of 80 nM.

[1]. Inji Shin,et al. Total Synthesis of Swinholide A: An Exposition in Hydrogen-Mediated C-C Bond Formation. J Am Chem Soc. 2016 Nov 2;138(43):14246-14249.

[2]. M R Bubb, et al. Swinholide A is a microfilament disrupting marine toxin that stabilizes actin dimers and severs actin filaments. J Biol Chem. 1995 Feb 24;270(8):3463-6.