[ CAS No. ]:
850876-88-9
[ Name ]:
Danoprevir (ITMN-191)
[Synonym ]:
Danoprevir
(2R,6S)-2,6-dimethyl-4-(4piperidinyl) morpholine
2-[(2R,6S)-2,6-dimethylmorpholin-4-yl]acetic acid
(2R,6S,12Z,13aS,14aR,16aS)-14a-[(Cyclopropylsulfonyl)carbamoyl]-6-({[(2-methyl-2-propanyl)oxy]carbonyl}amino)-5,16-dioxo-1,2,3,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,13a,14,14a,15,16,16a-hexadecahydrocyclopropa[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazacyclopentadecin-2-yl 4-fluoro-1,3-dihydro-2H-isoindole-2-carboxylate
2H-Isoindole-2-carboxylic acid, 4-fluoro-1,3-dihydro-, (2R,6S,12Z,13aS,14aR,16aS)-14a-[[(cyclopropylsulfonyl)amino]carbonyl]-6-[[(1,1-dimethylethoxy)carbonyl]amino]-1,2,3,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,13a,14,14a,15,16,16a-hexadecahydro-5,16-dioxocyclopropa[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazacyclopentadecin-2-yl ester
Danoprevir (ITMN-191)
(2R,6S,12Z,13aS,14aR,16aS)-6-[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino]-14a-[(cyclopropylsulfonyl)carbamoyl]-5,16-dioxo-1,2,3,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,13a,14,14a,15,16,16a-hexadecahydrocyclopropa[e]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazacyclopentadecin-2-yl 4-fluoro-1,3-dihydro-2H-isoindole-2-carboxylate
(2R,6S)-(2,6-dimethylmorpholin-4-yl)acetic acid,hydrochloride
(2,6-dimethylmorpholin-4-yl)acetic acid hydrochloride
RG7227
[Description]:
Danoprevir is a NS3/4A protease inhibitor for hepatitis C virus (HCV) with IC50 of 0.2-3.5 nM. The inhibition effect on HCV genotypes 1A/1B/4/5/6 is approximately 10-fold higher than 2B/3A.
[Related Catalog]:
[Target]
IC50: 0.2-3.5 nM (NS3/4A protease)
[In Vitro]
In Huh7.5 cells transfected with chimeric recombinant virus, Danoprevir shows antiviral inhibition effects against HCV genotypes 1, 4 and 6 with IC50 of 2-3 nM, which are >100-fold lower than genotypes 2/3/5 (280-750 nM)[1]. Danoprevir (0.29 nM) inhibits the reference genotype 1 NS3/4A protease half-maximally, but a high dose of Danoprevir (10 μM) shows no appreciably inhibition in a panel of 79 proteases, ion channels, transporters, and cell surface receptors. Danoprevir remains bound to and inhibits NS3/4A for more than 5 hours after its initial association. Danoprevir (45 nM) eliminates a patient-derived HCV genotype 1b replicon from hepatocyte-derived Huh7 cells with an EC50 of 1.8 nM[2]. In HCV subgenomic replicon cell lines containing the individual mutations, V36M, R109K, and V170A substitutions confer little or no resistance to Danoprevir, but the R155K substitution confers a high level (62-fold increase) of resistance to Danoprevir[3].
[In Vivo]
Danoprevir (30 mg/kg, p.o.) administered to rats or monkeys shows that its concentrations in liver 12 hours after dosing exceed the Danoprevir concentration required to eliminate replicon RNA from cells[2].
[Kinase Assay]
The assay buffer contains 25 μM NS4A peptide, 50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.5, 15% (vol/vol) glycerol, 0.6 mM lauryldimethylamine N-oxide, 10 mM dithiothreitol, and 0.5 μM fluorescein/QXL520-labeled FRET substrate {Ac-DE-Dap(QXL520)-EE-Abu-ψ-[COO]-AS-Cys(5-FAMsp)-NH2}. K2040 enzyme (50 pM) is added to initiate the reaction. Reactions are set up in black 96-well plates, and fluorescence data is collected. Control reactions lacking inhibitors and enzyme are included. Initial rates are calculated from the linear phase of the reaction (up to 1 hour) and are used to obtain IC50. Recovery of activity from preformed Danoprevir-NS3/4A complex is assessed by preincubating 10 nM NS3/4A with a two-fold excess of Danoprevir in 1× assay buffer for 15 min, followed by a rapid 200-fold dilution of the preformed complex into assay buffer containing substrate. A control reaction with the same final conditions without preincubation of NS3/4A and Danoprevir is initiated by the addition of enzyme to an otherwise-complete reaction mixture. Additional control reactions lack either Danoprevir or NS3. The progress of the reactions is followed over 5 hours.
[Animal admin]
Pharmacokinetic properties are evaluated in rats and monkeys. Sprague-Dawley rats (three per time point) are administered a 30-mg/kg of body weight dose of ITMN-191 by oral gavage (a 6-mg/mL solution in water). Cynomolgus monkeys (two per time point) are administered a 30-mg/kg dose of ITMN-191 by oral gavage (a 3-mg/mL solution in water). For each species, terminal blood samples and the entire perfused liver are collected 1, 4, 8, 12, and 24 h after dose administration. Blood samples are collected in EDTA, processed for plasma by centrifugation at 5°C, and stored at −20°C until analysis is performed. Liver samples are snap-frozen and stored at −70°C until analysis is performed. Blank, standard, and unknown plasma samples and homogenized liver containing an internal standard (ITMN-191 analog) are treated with acidified acetonitrile and centrifuged to remove precipitated proteins. The density of liver tissue is taken into account to allow concentrations in both compartments to be expressed as weight per unit volume. The cleared supernatants are diluted 1:1 into high-performance liquid chromatography grade water and analyzed on a 4000 Q-trap liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometer fitted with the Turbo-Ionspray source operating in negative-ion mode. Analytes and internal standards are monitored using multiple-reaction-monitoring scans and calibrated with ABI Analyst software, version 1.4.2. The calibration standards ranges from 0.0169 ng/mL to 37.0 ng/mL and from 7.47 ng/mL to 5,440 ng/mL for the quantification of plasma samples and liver homogenates, respectively. Quadratic fitting with 1/x weighting is utilized where an R2 value of > 0.999 is achieved in both matrices.
[References]
[Related Small Molecules]