Carbenoxolone disodium

Carbenoxolone disodium is the active metabolite of Glycyrrhizic acid (HY-N0184) and the inhibitor of human 11β-HSD and bacterial 3α, 20β-HSD[1]. Carbenoxolone disodium is an uncoupling agent for gap junctions and a potent inhibitor of Vaccinia virus replication[2]. Carbenoxolone disodium is used for the study of peptic, esophageal and oral ulceration and inflammation.

Research Areas >> Infection

Research Areas >> Inflammation/Immunology

Signaling Pathways >> Cytoskeleton >> Gap Junction Protein

IC50: human 11β-HSD; bacterial 3α, 20β-HSD[1]; gap junction; Vaccinia virus[2]

Carbenoxolone disodium (6-150 μM; pre-treatment 1 hour) inhibits Vaccinia virus (VACV) replication in a gap junction-independent in HaCaT cells, and it has toxicity effects on VACV-A5L-EGFP infected cells at 48 h[2]. Carbenoxolone (30 μM; pre-treatment 1 hour) does not upregulate PP2A expression, but induces the late protein A27 expression in hacat cells[2]. Cell Viability Assay[2] Cell Line: HaCaT cells Concentration: 6 μM, 12 μM, 30 μM, 60 μM, 150 μM Incubation Time: Pre-treatment 1 hour Result: Had no toxicity until 48 hours at high dose in virus-infected cells. Western Blot Analysis[2] Cell Line: HaCaT cells Concentration: 30 μM Incubation Time: Pre-treatment 1 hour Result: Presented an obvious upregulation of A27.

Carbenoxolone (intraperitoneal injection; 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg; 30, 60 and 60 min before Diazepam) does not induce a muscle relaxant activity and shows muscle relaxant activity compared to normal saline, and this effect was more than diazepam in the traction test[3]. Carbenoxolone (intraperitoneal injection; 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg; 30, 60 and 60 min before Pentylenetetrazole) significantly increases sleeping time and decreases latency in mice as a dose-dependent manner in Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) Seizure model. The ED50 value is 83.3 mg/kg (%95 CL:556.29)[3]. Animal Model: Male BALB/c mice[3] Dosage: 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg Administration: Intraperitoneal injection; 30, 60 and 60 min before Pentylenetetrazole Result: Significantly increased the sleeping time in mice.

[1]. W L Duax, et al. Steroid Dehydrogenase Structures, Mechanism of Action, and Disease. Vitam Horm. 2000;58:121-48.

[2]. Hossein Hosseinzadeh, et al. Anticonvulsant, Sedative and Muscle Relaxant Effects of Carbenoxolone in Mice. BMC Pharmacol. 2003 Apr 29;3:3.

[3]. Ismar R Haga, et al. Carbenoxolone-mediated Cytotoxicity Inhibits Vaccinia Virus Replication in a Human Keratinocyte Cell Line. Sci Rep. 2018 Nov 16;8(1):16956.

MOLECULAR FORMULA :

C34-H48-O7.2Na

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :

614.80

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :

T F6 E6 B666 DO BUTJ F1 IOV2VQ J1 J1 N1 O1 R1 U1VQ U1 &-NA- 2

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Human

DOSE/DURATION :

120 mg/kg/6W

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Vascular - BP elevation not characterized in autonomic section Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - changes in potassium

REFERENCE :

CMAJAX Canadian Medical Association Journal. (Canadian Medical Assoc., POB 8650, Ottawa, ON K1G 0G8, Canada) V.1- 1911- Volume(issue)/page/year: 117,1155,1977

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

2450 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Cardiac - pulse rate Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory depression Skin and Appendages - hair

REFERENCE :

OYYAA2 Oyo Yakuri. Pharmacometrics. (Oyo Yakuri Kenkyukai, CPO Box 180, Sendai 980-91, Japan) V.1- 1967- Volume(issue)/page/year: 11,263,1976

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

92 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :

FRMCE8 Farmaco. (Societa Chimica Italiana, Corso Strada Nova, 86, Casella Postale 227, 27100 Pavia, Italy) V.44- 1989- Volume(issue)/page/year: 49,281,1994

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

1515 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :

IYKEDH Iyakuhin Kenkyu. Study of Medical Supplies. (Nippon Koteisho Kyokai, 12-15, 2-chome, Shibuya, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150, Japan) V.1- 1970- Volume(issue)/page/year: 10,710,1979

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

120 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :

21NDAB "Symposium on Carbenoxolone Sodium," Robson, J.M., and F.M. Sullivan, eds., London, Butterworth, 1968 Volume(issue)/page/year: -,6,1968

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

198 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :

21NDAB "Symposium on Carbenoxolone Sodium," Robson, J.M., and F.M. Sullivan, eds., London, Butterworth, 1968 Volume(issue)/page/year: -,6,1968

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Mammal - dog

DOSE/DURATION :

3900 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :

IYKEDH Iyakuhin Kenkyu. Study of Medical Supplies. (Nippon Koteisho Kyokai, 12-15, 2-chome, Shibuya, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150, Japan) V.1- 1970- Volume(issue)/page/year: 10,710,1979

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Mammal - dog

DOSE/DURATION :

371 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :

IYKEDH Iyakuhin Kenkyu. Study of Medical Supplies. (Nippon Koteisho Kyokai, 12-15, 2-chome, Shibuya, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150, Japan) V.1- 1970- Volume(issue)/page/year: 10,710,1979

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Mammal - dog

DOSE/DURATION :

1060 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - altered sleep time (including change in righting reflex) Behavioral - tremor

REFERENCE :

OYYAA2 Oyo Yakuri. Pharmacometrics. (Oyo Yakuri Kenkyukai, CPO Box 180, Sendai 980-91, Japan) V.1- 1967- Volume(issue)/page/year: 11,263,1976

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Mammal - dog

DOSE/DURATION :

371 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Cardiac - pulse rate

REFERENCE :

OYYAA2 Oyo Yakuri. Pharmacometrics. (Oyo Yakuri Kenkyukai, CPO Box 180, Sendai 980-91, Japan) V.1- 1967- Volume(issue)/page/year: 11,263,1976

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :

2 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :

21NDAB "Symposium on Carbenoxolone Sodium," Robson, J.M., and F.M. Sullivan, eds., London, Butterworth, 1968 Volume(issue)/page/year: -,6,1968 ** OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE TOXICITY DATA **

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Mammal - dog

DOSE/DURATION :

36400 mg/kg/26W-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - urine volume decreased Blood - changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain

REFERENCE :

OYYAA2 Oyo Yakuri. Pharmacometrics. (Oyo Yakuri Kenkyukai, CPO Box 180, Sendai 980-91, Japan) V.1- 1967- Volume(issue)/page/year: 11,859,1976

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Mammal - dog

DOSE/DURATION :

12 gm/kg/30D-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - other changes in urine composition Endocrine - changes in thymus weight Blood - changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)

REFERENCE :

OYYAA2 Oyo Yakuri. Pharmacometrics. (Oyo Yakuri Kenkyukai, CPO Box 180, Sendai 980-91, Japan) V.1- 1967- Volume(issue)/page/year: 11,831,1976