Helenalin

Helenalin is an anti-inflammatory sesquiterpene lactone. Helenalin selectively inhibits transcription factor NF-κB by directly targeting p65. Helenalin has alkylating activity, targets the cysteine sulfhydryl groups in the p65 subunit of NF-κB, thereby inhibits its DNA binding[1][2].

Research Areas >> Cancer

Research Areas >> Inflammation/Immunology

Helenalin (10 μM; 20-120 minutes) causes complete inhibition of NF-κB DNA binding after 80 minutes[1]. The anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic phytochemical, Helenalin is a potent inhibitor of periodic Skp2 accumulation, an F-box protein mediating SCF E3 ligase ubiquitylation and degradation of both CKIs during S phase progression[3]. Western Blot Analysis[1] Cell Line: Jurkat T cells Concentration: 10 μM Incubation Time: 20-120 minutes Result: Caused complete inhibition of NF-κB DNA binding after 80 minutes.

Helenalin (25 mg/kg; i.p.; 6 to 12 hours) administers to immature male ICR mice caused a rapid decrease in hepatic glutathione levels[2]. Animal Model: Immature male ICR mice[2] Dosage: 25 mg/kg Administration: i.p.; 6 to 12 hours Result: Caused a rapid decrease in hepatic glutathione levels.

[1]. Merrill JC, et al. Role of glutathione in the toxicity of the sesquiterpene lactones hymenoxon and helenalin. J Toxicol Environ Health. 1988;23(2):159-69.

[2]. Lyss G, et al. The anti-inflammatory sesquiterpene lactone helenalin inhibits the transcription factor NF-kappaB by directly targeting p65. J Biol Chem. 1998 Dec 11;273(50):33508-16.

[3]. Fernandes KM, et al. Helenalin-mediated post-transcriptional regulation of p21(Cip1) inhibits 3T3-L1 preadipocyteproliferation. J Cell Biochem. 2008 Oct 15;105(3):913-21.

DATA ITEMS CITED :

12

MOLECULAR FORMULA :

C15-H18-O4

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :

262.33

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :

T C575 DYVO MV KUTJ A1 BQ DU1 I1

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

125 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

150 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

10 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Behavioral - food intake (animal) Gastrointestinal - peritonitis

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :

90 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - hamster

DOSE/DURATION :

85 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Mammal - domestic

DOSE/DURATION :

100 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

45 mg/kg/3D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Liver - changes in liver weight Endocrine - changes in spleen weight Endocrine - changes in thymus weight

TYPE OF TEST :

DNA inhibition

MUTATION DATA

TYPE OF TEST :

Cytogenetic analysis

TEST SYSTEM :

Rodent - hamster Ovary

DOSE/DURATION :

780 ppb

REFERENCE :

BSECBU Biochemical Systematics and Ecology. (Pergamon Press Inc., Maxwell House, Fairview Park, Elmsford, NY 10523) V.2- 1974- Volume(issue)/page/year: 13,365,1985