Glafenine Hydrochloride

Glafenine hydrochloride is a non-narcotic analgesic and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. It is an ABCG2 inhibitor with an IC50 of 3.2 μM.

Signaling Pathways >> Others >> Others

Research Areas >> Inflammation/Immunology

IC50: 3.2 μM (ABCG2)[1]

Glafenine increases the surface expressionof mutant CFTR in baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells to 40% of that observed for wild-type CFTR[2]. Glafenine hydrochloride inhibits the proliferation and clonogenic activity of haSMCs and ECs in a dose-dependent manner. A block in the G2/M phase and a reduction in the G1 phase occurr. The migratory ability of haSMCs is impaired in a dose-dependent manner and the extracellular matrix protein tenascin is reduced[3].

Glafenine injection (25 mg/kg i.v.) shows enhanced BLI signal in mice with an average of 2.9-fold signal enhancement over the control. Glafenine causes increases in BLI signal of up to 11.6- and 17.4-fold in two separate HEK293/ABCG2/fLuc xenografts in the same mouse compared to the signals generated by those xenografts immediately before injection[1]. Incubating polarized CFBE41o- monolayers and intestines isolated from mutant CFTR mice with glafenine increases the short-circuit current response to forskolin and genistein. Treatment with glafenine also partially restores total salivary secretion[2]. Glafenine-treated zebrafish shows evidence of endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondrial stress, with disrupted intestinal architecture and halted cell stress responses, alongside accumulation of apoptotic intestinal epithelial cells in the lumen[4].

Glafenine hydrochloride is added to the culture medium of the smooth muscle cells at three concentrations (10 μM, 50 μM, 100 μM). After 4 days of treatment, cells are harvested and the absolute cell number is counted[3].

Mice: HEK293/empty/fLuc and HEK293/ABCG2/fLuc cells are implanted subcutaneously into opposite flanks of female nude mice. Five mice are implanted to generate 10 ABCG2-overexpressing xenografts and five controls. Animals are imaged after D-luciferin administration, which is followed by a bolus injection of a single dose of glafenine (25 mg/kg) and continued imaging[1].

[1]. Zhang Y, et al. Identification of inhibitors of ABCG2 by a bioluminescence imaging-based high-throughput assay. Cancer Res. 2009 Jul 15;69(14):5867-75.

[2]. Robert R, et al. Correction of the Delta phe508 cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator trafficking defect by the bioavailable compound glafenine. Mol Pharmacol. 2010 Jun;77(6):922-30.

[3]. Schöber W, et al. Impact of glafenine hydrochloride on human endothelial cells and human vascular smooth muscle cells: a substance reducing proliferation, migration and extracellular matrix synthesis. Cell Biol Int. 2003;27(12):987-96.

[4]. Goldsmith JR, et al. Glafenine-induced intestinal injury in zebrafish is ameliorated by μ-opioid signaling via enhancement of Atf6-dependent cellular stress responses. Dis Model Mech. 2013 Jan;6(1):146-59.

Captisol | Cyclosporin A | H2DCFDA | 0MPTP hydrochloride | GW4869 | Etomoxir | TD139 | Mitoquinone mesylate | GSK2795039 | JC-1 | BAPTA-AM | AP 20187 | Setanaxib (GKT137831) | D-Luciferin | Crotaline