Triamcinolone hexacetonide

Triamcinolone hexacetonide is a commonly used long-acting steroids in treatment of subacute and chronic inflammatory joint diseases.

Signaling Pathways >> Others >> Others

Research Areas >> Inflammation/Immunology

Triamcinolone hexacetonide produces a marked, dose-dependent protective effect in the model of chemically induced articular cartilage damage. Guinea pig injected with Triamcinolone hexacetonide shows much less prominent fibrillation and osteophytes. Cell loss is less extensive. A single injection of Triamcinolone hexacetonide into the ipsilateral knee of rabbits which have been subjected to partial lateral meniscectomy and transection of the sesamoid and collateral fibular ligaments reduces chondrocyte cloning, loss of cells, osteophyte formation, and fibrillation[1]. The half-life of commercially available Triamcinolone hexacetonide in the vitreous is double that of Triamcinolone hexacetonide, but the former is toxic to the retina in this rabbit model. Reformulated iso-osmolar Triamcinolone hexacetonide shows no evidence of deleterious effects to retina function or structure[2]. Local application of Triamcinolone hexacetonide at a site of lingual nerve injury leads to changes that are potentially beneficial such as reduced mechanical sensitivity and enhanced regeneration[3].

Guinea pigs: Animals are given intraarticular injection of 0.1 mL of Triamcinolone hexacetonide provided a dose of 0.40 mg/kg (groups 2 and 3) or 0.04 mg/kg (groups 4 and 5). The volume of CMC injected into the knees of group 6 animals is the same as that used for the intraarticular injections in the other groups, i.e., 0.1 mL. When the animals are killed, both knees are immediately opened and examined grossly[1].

[1]. Williams JM, et al. Triamcinolone hexacetonide protects against fibrillation and osteophyte formation following chemically induced articular cartilage damage. Arthritis Rheum. 1985 Nov;28(11):1267-74.

[2]. Abd-El-Barr MM, et al. Safety and pharmokinetics of triamcinolone hexacetonide in rabbit eyes. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther. 2008 Apr;24(2):197-205.

[3]. Yates JM, et al. The effect of triamcinolone hexacetonide on the spontaneous and mechanically-induced ectopic discharge following lingual nerve injury in the ferret. Pain. 2004 Oct;111(3):261-9.

Captisol | Cyclosporin A | H2DCFDA | 0MPTP hydrochloride | GW4869 | Etomoxir | TD139 | Mitoquinone mesylate | GSK2795039 | JC-1 | BAPTA-AM | AP 20187 | Setanaxib (GKT137831) | D-Luciferin | Crotaline

DATA ITEMS CITED :

7

MOLECULAR FORMULA :

C30-H41-F-O7

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :

532.71

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :

T F5 E5 B666 GO IO RV AHTTTT&J A1 BF CQ E1 FV1OV1X1&1&1 H1 H1

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intramuscular

DOSE :

40 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 10-13 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Fertility - litter size (e.g. # fetuses per litter; measured before birth) Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - stillbirth Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - viability index (e.g., # alive at day 4 per # born alive)

REFERENCE :

JOANAY Journal of Anatomy. (Cambridge Univ. Press, 32 E. 57th St., New York, NY 10022) V.51- 1916- Volume(issue)/page/year: 128,747,1979

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intramuscular

DOSE :

40 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 10-13 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - craniofacial (including nose and tongue) Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - growth statistics (e.g.%, reduced weight gain)

REFERENCE :

JOANAY Journal of Anatomy. (Cambridge Univ. Press, 32 E. 57th St., New York, NY 10022) V.51- 1916- Volume(issue)/page/year: 128,747,1979

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intramuscular

DOSE :

2 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 8 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - craniofacial (including nose and tongue)

REFERENCE :

46IEAC "Current Research Trends in Prenatal Craniofacial Development, Proceedings of an International Conference, 1980," Pratt, R.M., and R.L. Christiansen, eds., New York, Elsevier Science Pub. Co., Inc., 1980 Volume(issue)/page/year: -,387,1980

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intramuscular

DOSE :

2 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 8 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - skin and skin appendages Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system

REFERENCE :

JDREAF Journal of Dental Research. (International Assoc. for Dental Research, 734 15th St., NW, Suite 809, Washington, DC 20005) V.1- 1919- Volume(issue)/page/year: 58(Spec Iss A),384,197

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intramuscular

DOSE :

2 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 12 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - craniofacial (including nose and tongue)

REFERENCE :

IMNGBK Immunogenetics. (Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., Service Center, 44 Hartz Way, Secaucus, NJ 07094) V.1- 1974- Volume(issue)/page/year: 13,443,1981 *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - X5557 No. of Facilities: 17 (estimated) No. of Industries: 1 No. of Occupations: 3 No. of Employees: 1088 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 744 (estimated)