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paraquat

Names

[ CAS No. ]:
4685-14-7

[ Name ]:
paraquat

[Synonym ]:
1,1’-dimethyl-4,4’-bipyridinium
Grammoxone
PARAQUAT AQUA
Prelude
Methyl viologen dication
1,1’-dimethyl-[4,4’-bipyridine]-1,1’-diium
methyl viologen
Pectone
1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium ion
Paraquat
Paraquat ion
EINECS 225-141-7
Pillarzone
Paraquat dication
dimethyl viologen

Chemical & Physical Properties

[ Density]:
0.9748 (rough estimate)

[ Boiling Point ]:
310.75°C (rough estimate)

[ Molecular Formula ]:
C12H14N2++

[ Molecular Weight ]:
186.25300

[ Exact Mass ]:
186.11600

[ PSA ]:
7.76000

[ LogP ]:
1.00260

[ Index of Refraction ]:
1.5600 (estimate)

Toxicological Information

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :
DW1960000
CHEMICAL NAME :
4,4'-Bipyridinium, 1,1'-dimethyl-
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :
4685-14-7
LAST UPDATED :
199806
DATA ITEMS CITED :
45
MOLECULAR FORMULA :
C12-H14-N2
MOLECULAR WEIGHT :
186.28
WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :
T6KTJ A1 D- DT6KTJ A1

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human - man
DOSE/DURATION :
171 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - fibrosis, focal (pneumoconiosis) Gastrointestinal - changes in structure or function of esophagus Gastrointestinal - ulceration or bleeding from stomach
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human - man
DOSE/DURATION :
1690 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory depression Gastrointestinal - ulceration or bleeding from stomach Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - renal function tests depressed
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human - man
DOSE/DURATION :
343 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Gastrointestinal - changes in structure or function of esophagus Gastrointestinal - ulceration or bleeding from stomach Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - renal function tests depressed
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
100 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
14800 ug/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - acute pulmonary edema Gastrointestinal - other changes Liver - other changes
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Unreported
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
250 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Behavioral - changes in motor activity (specific assay)
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
120 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Unreported
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
198 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Behavioral - changes in motor activity (specific assay)
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Mammal - dog
DOSE/DURATION :
25 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Mammal - cat
DOSE/DURATION :
35 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Administration onto the skin
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION :
236 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - guinea pig
DOSE/DURATION :
30 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Bird - chicken
DOSE/DURATION :
262 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Mammal - species unspecified
DOSE/DURATION :
70 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
45 mg/kg/6D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Cardiac - changes in heart weight Liver - other changes Endocrine - changes in spleen weight
TYPE OF TEST :
Mutation test systems - not otherwise specified
TYPE OF TEST :
Cytogenetic analysis
TYPE OF TEST :
Sperm Morphology

MUTATION DATA

TYPE OF TEST :
Cytogenetic analysis
TEST SYSTEM :
Rodent - hamster Lung
REFERENCE :
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 412,187,1998 *** REVIEWS *** ACGIH TLV-TWA 0.5 mg/m3, total dust DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 ACGIH TLV-TWA 0.1 mg/m3, respirable dust DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 *** U.S. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS *** MSHA STANDARD-air:TWA 0.5 mg/m3 (skin) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,195,1971 OSHA PEL (Gen Indu):8H TWA 0.5 mg/m3 (skin), respirable dust CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1910.1000,1994 OSHA PEL (Construc):8H TWA 0.5 mg/m3 (skin), respirable dust CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1926.55,1994 OSHA PEL (Shipyard):8H TWA 0.5 mg/m3 (skin), respirable dust CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1915.1000,1993 OSHA PEL (Fed Cont):8H TWA 0.5 mg/m3 (skin) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 41,50-204.50,1994 *** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS *** OEL-AUSTRALIA:TWA 0.1 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-BELGIUM:TWA 0.1 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-DENMARK:TWA 0.1 mg/m3;Skin JAN 1993 OEL-FINLAND:TWA 0.1 mg/m3;STEL 0.3 mg/m3;Skin JAN 1993 OEL-FRANCE:TWA 0.1 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-HUNGARY:STEL 0.05 mg/m3;Skin JAN 1993 OEL-THE NETHERLANDS:TWA 0.1 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-THE PHILIPPINES:TWA 0.5 mg/m3;Skin JAN 1993 OEL-THAILAND:TWA 0.5 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL IN BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA check ACGIH TLV OEL IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LEVEL (REL) : NIOSH REL TO PARAQUAT, respirable dust-air:10H TWA 0.1 mg/m3 (Sk) REFERENCE : NIOSH* National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda. Volume(issue)/page/year: DHHS #92-100,1992

Safety Information

[ Hazard Codes ]:
T:Toxic

[ Risk Phrases ]:
R26/27/28

[ Safety Phrases ]:
S1-S13-S45

[ RIDADR ]:
UN 2781

[ Packaging Group ]:
II

[ Hazard Class ]:
6.1(a)

[ HS Code ]:
3808931100

Precursor & DownStream

Customs

[ HS Code ]: 3808931100


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