(2S)-2-[[5-amino-1-[(2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(phosphonooxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]imidazole-4-carbonyl]amino]butanedioic acid

SAICAR is an intermediate of de novo purine nucleotide biosynthesis, activates pyruvate kinase isoform M2 (PKM2) in an isozyme-selective manner, with an EC50 of 0.3 mM. SAICAR stimulates PKM2 and promotes cancer cell survival in glucose-limited conditions[1][2].

Research Areas >> Cancer

Human Endogenous Metabolite

SAICAR accumulation induces nuclear localization of PKM2. PKM2-SAICAR phosphorylates and activates Erk1/2, which in turn sensitizes PKM2 for SAICAR binding through phosphorylation. Additionally, PKM2-SAICAR was necessary to induce sustained Erk1/2 activation and mitogen-induced cell proliferation. SAICAR-PKM2 interaction is necessary and sufficient to induce H3 T11 and Erk1/2 phosphorylation[2]. Upon glucose starvation, cellular SAICAR concentration increases in an oscillatory manner and stimulates PKM2 activity in cancer cells. The SAICAR-PKM2 interaction also promotes cancer cell survival in glucose-limited conditions. In glucose-limited conditions, cells with higher SAICAR concentrations (adsl-kd cells or cells overexpressing PAICS) survive better while paics-kd cells died earlier than control-kd cells. SAICAR promotes cancer cell survival in glucose-limited conditions[3].

[1]. Keller KE, et al. SAICAR induces protein kinase activity of PKM2 that is necessary for sustained proliferative signaling of cancer cells. Mol Cell. 2014 Mar 6;53(5):700-9.

[2]. Keller KE, et al. SAICAR induces protein kinase activity of PKM2 that is necessary for sustained proliferative signaling of cancer cells. Mol Cell. 2014 Mar 6;53(5):700-9.

[3]. Keller KE, et al. SAICAR stimulates pyruvate kinase isoform M2 and promotes cancer cell survival in glucose-limited conditions. Science. 2012 Nov 23;338(6110):1069-72.