Lycobetaine(Ungeremine)

Ungeremine, a phenanthridine type alkaloid, is extracted of the bulbs of Pancratium Illyricum. Ungeremine effectively targets mammalian as well as bacterial type I and type II topoisomerases. Ungeremine displays cytotoxic activity towards the 9 cancer cell lines, including drug-sensitive and MDR phenotypes. Ungeremine induced ferroptosis, necroptosis, autophagy as well as apoptosis mediated by caspase activation, MMP alteration and increase ROS production[1][2].

Research Areas >> Cancer

Signaling Pathways >> Cell Cycle/DNA Damage >> Topoisomerase

Signaling Pathways >> Apoptosis >> Ferroptosis

Signaling Pathways >> Apoptosis >> Caspase

Signaling Pathways >> Autophagy >> Autophagy

[1]. Casu L, et al. Ungeremine effectively targets mammalian as well as bacterial type I and type II topoisomerases.

[2]. Mbaveng A, et al. Cytotoxicity of ungeremine towards multi-factorial drug resistant cancer cells and induction of apoptosis, ferroptosis, necroptosis and autophagy. Phytomedicine. 2019 Jul;60:152832.

MOLECULAR FORMULA :

C16-H12-N-O3

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :

266.29

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

90 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :

YHTPAD Yaoxue Tongbao. Bulletin of Pharmacology. (China International Book Trading Corp., POB 2820, Beijing, Peop. Rep. China) V.13-23, 1978-88. For publisher information, see ZYZAEU. Volume(issue)/page/year: 23,316,1988

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

72 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :

YHTPAD Yaoxue Tongbao. Bulletin of Pharmacology. (China International Book Trading Corp., POB 2820, Beijing, Peop. Rep. China) V.13-23, 1978-88. For publisher information, see ZYZAEU. Volume(issue)/page/year: 23,316,1988 ** REPRODUCTIVE DATA **

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intraperitoneal

DOSE :

75 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

male 3 day(s) pre-mating

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Paternal Effects - testes, epididymis, sperm duct

REFERENCE :

PLMEAA Planta Medica. (Georg Thieme Verlag, Postfach 732, D-7000 Stuttgart 1, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.1- 1953- Volume(issue)/page/year: 54,114,1988