pp1

PP1 is a potent, and Src family-selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor with IC50 of 5 and 6 nM for Lck and Fyn, respectively.

Signaling Pathways >> Protein Tyrosine Kinase/RTK >> Src

Research Areas >> Cancer

IC50: 5 nM (Lck), 6 nM (Fyn), 250 nM (EGFR), >50 μM (JAK2)[1]

PP1 inhibits Lck (IC50=5 nM) and FynT (IC50=6 nM) in vitro at concentrations significantly lower than those required to inhibit ZAP-70 (IC50>100 μM), JAK2 (IC50>50 μM), the EGFR kinase, and protein kinase A. PP1 inhibits whole cell tyrosine phosphorylation and proliferation in T cells stimulated with anti-CD3 and mitogens. PP1 selectively inhibits IL-2 gene expression over GM-CSF and IL-2R gene induction in human T cells[1].

Protein A-Sepharose beads (prepared as a 50% (w/v) suspension) are added to the antibody/lysate mixture at 250 μL/mL and allowed to incubate for 30 min at 4°C. The beads are then washed twice in 1 mL of lysis buffer and twice in 1 mL of kinase buffer (25 mM HEPES, 3 mM MnCl2, 5 mM MgCl2, and 100 μM sodium orthovanadate) and resuspended to 50% (w/v) in kinase buffer. Twenty-five microliters of the bead suspension is added to each well of the enolase-coated 96-well high protein binding plate together with an appropriate concentration of compound and [γ-32P]ATP (25 μL/well of a 200 μCi/mL solution in kinase buffer). After incubation for 20 min at 20°C, 60 μL of boiling 2× solubilization buffer containing 10 mM ATP is added to the assay wells to terminate the reactions. Thirty microliters of the samples is removed from the wells, boiled for 5 min, and run on a 7.5% SDS-polyacrylamide gel. The gels are subsequently dried and exposed to Kodak X-AR film. For quantitation, films are scanned using a Molecular Dynamics laser scanner, and the optical density of the major substrate band, enolase p46, is determined. Concentrations of compound that causes 50% inhibition of enolase phosphorylation (IC50) are determined from a plot of the density versus concentration of compound. In companion experiments for measuring the activity of compounds against Lck, the assay plate is washed with two wash cycles on a Skatron harvester using 50 mM EDTA, 1 mM ATP. Scintillation fluid (100 μL) is then added to the wells, and P incorporation is measured using a Pharmacia Biotech micro-β-counter. Concentrations of compound that causes 50% inhibition of enzyme activity (IC50) are determined from a plot of the percent inhibition of enzyme activity versus concentration of compound[1].

Inhibition of anti-CD3-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation in purified human peripheral blood T cells is measured as follows. All incubations are carried out at 37°C in an Eppendorf Thermomixer 5436 at a mixing setting of 11. Cells (1×106 in 100 μL of RPMI 1640 medium) are incubated for 15 min with drug prior to a 6-min incubation with 1 μg of anti-CD3/mL (anti-leu4, 100 μg/mL). The final volume of the reaction is 115 μL. Reactions are terminated by the addition of 57.5 μL of 3× solubilization buffer incubated at 100°C prior to its addition. Samples are mixed, boiled for 5 min, and stored at -70°C. Western blots of these cell lysates, run on 10% SDS-polyacrylamide gels, are probed with a polyclonal anti-phosphotyrosine antibody, and immune complexes are detected with I-labeled protein A (ICN). For quantitation, films are scanned using a Molecular Dynamics laser scanner, and the optical densities of the major substrate band, p70, are quantitated in the presence of anti-CD3 (in the presence and absence of drug). Percent inhibition is calculated as follows: (1-(p70 optical density units in presence of drug/p70 units in absence of drug))×100. IC50 equals the concentration of compound at which 50% inhibition is measured[1].

[1]. Hanke JH, et al. Discovery of a novel, potent, and Src family-selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Study of Lck- and FynT-dependent T cell activation. J Biol Chem. 1996 Jan 12;271(2):695-701.

Saracatinib | PP2 (AG 1879) | A 419259 trihydrochloride | DCC-2036 (Rebastinib) | SU6656 | 1-Naphthyl PP1 | WH-4-023 | Pelitinib | Src Inhibitor-1 | ENMD-2076 | TC-S 7003 | PD173955 | TG 100572 (Hydrochloride) | XL228 | A-196