(−)-Conophylline

Names

[ Name ]:
(−)-Conophylline

[Synonym ]:
2H,22H-Indolo[2'',3'':7',8']pyrrolo[1'',2'',3'':1',8']quino[2',3':4,5]furo[2,3-b]oxireno[6,7]indolizino[1,8-fg]carbazole-3,9-dicarboxylic acid, 1b,7a-diethyl-1a,1b,4,6a,7,7a,8,10,14c,15,16,17a,19,20,21a,22a-hexadecahydro-7,13-dihydroxy-11,12-dimethoxy-, dimethyl ester, (1aS,1bS,6aS,7S,7aS,14bR,14cR,17aR,18bR,21aR,22aR)-
(−)-Conophylline
Dimethyl (1aS,1bS,6aS,7S,7aS,14bR,14cR,17aR,18bR,21aR,22aR)-1b,7a-diethyl-7,13-dihydroxy-11,12-dimethoxy-1b,4,6a,7,7a,8,10,14c,15,16,17a,19,20,21a,22,22a-hexadecahydro-1aH,2H-indolo[2'',3'':7',8']pyrrolo[1'',2'',3'':1',8']quinolino[2',3':4,5]furo[2,3-b]oxireno[6,7]indolizino[1,8-fg]carbazole-3,9-dicarboxylate

Biological Activity

[Description]:

Conophylline is a vinca alkaloid extracted from leaves of a tropical plant Ervatamia microphylla. Conophylline is a differentiation inducer of for pancreatic cells. Conophylline suppresses HSC and induces apoptosis[1][2].

[Related Catalog]:

Signaling Pathways >> Apoptosis >> Apoptosis

Research Areas >> Endocrinology

Research Areas >> Neurological Disease

[In Vitro]

Conophylline (100 ng/ml; 48 hours) reproduces differentiationinducing activity but not apoptosis-inducing activity of activin[1]. Conophylline (100 ng/ml; 72 hours) exhibits the differentiation-inducing activity in AR42J cells and converts these cells to endocrine cells[1]. Conophylline increases the expression of neurogenin-3 by activating p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase to induce differentiation of AR42J cells[1]. Conophylline reduces the expression of α-SMA and collagen-1 in rat HSC and Lx-2 cells[2]. Conophylline inhibits DNA synthesis induced by serum[2]. Conophylline also promots activation of caspase-3 and induces apoptosis in Lx-2 Cells[2]. Apoptosis Analysis[2] Cell Line: Lx-2 Cells Concentration: 12 hours Incubation Time: 0.1 μg/ml Result: Induced apoptosis Western Blot Analysis[2] Cell Line: Lx-2 cells Concentration: 0.1 μg/ml Incubation Time: 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 60 minutes, 120 minutes Result: Increased phospho-JNK.

[In Vivo]

Conophylline (0.9 mg/kg; p.o.; daily; for 12 weeks) attenuates formation of the liver fibrosis induced by TAA in vivo[2]. Animal Model: Sprague-Dawley rats (70-80 g)[2] Dosage: 0.9 mg/kg Administration: Oral administration; daily; for 12 weeks Result: Attenuated formation of the liver fibrosis induced by TAA.

[References]

[1]. Kojima I, et al. Conophylline: a novel differentiation inducer for pancreatic beta cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2006;38(5-6):923-30.

[2]. Kubo N, et al. Conophylline suppresses hepatic stellate cells and attenuates thioacetamide-induced liver fibrosis in rats. Liver Int. 2014 Aug;34(7):1057-67.

Chemical & Physical Properties

[ Density]:
1.5±0.1 g/cm3

[ Molecular Formula ]:
C₄₄H₅₀N₄O₁₀

[ Molecular Weight ]:
794.889

[ Exact Mass ]:
794.352722

[ PSA ]:
163.82000

[ LogP ]:
4.49

[ Index of Refraction ]:
1.728

Related Compounds

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