Azadirachtin B

Azadirachtin B is an limonoid isolated from seed kernels of Azadirachta indica. Azadirachtin B increases alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and stimulates osteoblast differentiation. Azadirachtin B is active against the Epstein-Barr virus early antigen (EBV-EA). Azadirachtin B has insecticidal, nematocidal, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antiviral and osteogenic properties[1][2][3].

Signaling Pathways >> Anti-infection >> Influenza Virus

Research Areas >> Cancer

Signaling Pathways >> Metabolic Enzyme/Protease >> Phosphatase

Research Areas >> Infection

Research Areas >> Inflammation/Immunology

Research Areas >> Metabolic Disease

Plutella xylostella[1] Alkaline phosphatase (ALP)[2] Epstein-Barr virus early antigen (EBV-EA)[3]

Azadirachtin B (1 pM-100 µM; 48 hours; Osteoblast cells) treatment shows highest proliferation at 10 nM and 100 pM concentrations in osteoblast cells[1]. Azadirachtin B increases expression of RunX-2 ∼2.5 fold at 10 nM concentration, ALP expression ∼2.8 fold at 10 nM and 100 pM concentration and OCN expression ∼2.5 folds at 10 nM as compared with control[1]. Azadirachtin B (Compound 4) exhibits toxicity to the diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) with an LD50 of 4.85-1.06 µg/g body weight, in 92 h[2]. Azadirachtin B (compound 21) exhibits moderate or potent inhibitory effects (IC50 value of 384 mol ratio/32 pmol TPA) against the Epstein-Barr virus early antigen (EBV-EA) activation induced by tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)[3]. Cell Proliferation Assay[1] Cell Line: Osteoblast cells Concentration: 1 pM, 100 pM, 10 nM, 1 µM, 100 µM Incubation Time: 48 hours Result: Showed highest proliferation at 10 nM and 100 pM concentrations in osteoblast cells.

On evaluation of Azadirachtin B (compound 21; oral administration) for its anti-tumor-initiating activity on the two-stage carcinogenesis of mouse skin tumor induced by peroxynitrite (ONOO-; PN) as an initiator and TPA as a promoter, this exhibited marked inhibitory activity[3].

[1]. Kushwaha P, et al. Azadirachta indica triterpenoids promote osteoblast differentiation and mineralization in vitro and in vivo. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2016 Aug 1;26(15):3719-24.

[2]. Kanokmedhakul S, et al. Azadirachtin derivatives from seed kernels of Azadirachta excelsa. J Nat Prod. 2005 Jul;68(7):1047-50.

[3]. Akihisa T, et al. Melanogenesis inhibitory, anti-inflammatory, and chemopreventive effects of limonoids from the seeds of Azadirachta indicia A. Juss. (neem). J Oleo Sci. 2009;58(11):581-94.