Direct ester condensation from a 1: 1 mixture of carboxylic acids and alcohols catalyzed by hafnium (IV) or zirconium (IV) salts
K Ishihara, M Nakayama, S Ohara, H Yamamoto
Index: Ishihara, Kazuaki; Nakayama, Masaya; Ohara, Suguru; Yamamoto, Hisashi Tetrahedron, 2002 , vol. 58, # 41 p. 8179 - 8188
Full Text: HTML
Citation Number: 166
Abstract
To promote atom efficiency in synthesis and to avoid the generation of environmental waste, the use of stoichiometric amounts of condensing reagents or excess substrates should be avoided. In esterification, excess amounts of either carboxylic acids or alcohols are normally needed. We found that the direct condensation of equimolar amounts of carboxylic acids and alcohols could be achieved using hafnium (IV) or zirconium (IV) salts. These metal ...
Related Articles:
[Nakatsuji, Hidefumi; Morimoto, Mami; Misaki, Tomonori; Tanabe, Yoo Tetrahedron, 2007 , vol. 63, # 48 p. 12071 - 12080]
[Wakasugi, Kazunori; Nakamura, Atsushi; Iida, Akira; Nishii, Yoshinori; Nakatani, Nobuji; Fukushima, Shoji; Tanabe, Yoo Tetrahedron, 2003 , vol. 59, # 28 p. 5337 - 5345]
[Wakasugi, Kazunori; Nakamura, Atsushi; Iida, Akira; Nishii, Yoshinori; Nakatani, Nobuji; Fukushima, Shoji; Tanabe, Yoo Tetrahedron, 2003 , vol. 59, # 28 p. 5337 - 5345]