The discovery and SAR of ketopiperazino methylazaindole factor Xa inhibitors are described. Structure-activity data suggesting that this class of inhibitors does not bind in the canonical mode were confirmed by an X-ray crystal structure showing the neutral haloaromatic bound in the S1 subsite. The most potent azaindole, 33 (RPR209685), is selective against related serine proteases and attains higher levels of exposure upon oral ...