Chronic immune activation is a hallmark of progressive HIV infection. Recent reports point to the engagement of toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) and-9 by viral RNA as contributing to the activation of innate immune responses, which drive viral replication leading to immune exhaustion. The only known class of TLR7 antagonists is single-stranded phosphorothioate oligonucleotides, which has been demonstrated to inhibit immune activation in human ...
