Tetrahedron letters

High-intensity ultrasound and microwave, alone or combined, promote Pd/C-catalyzed aryl–aryl couplings

G Cravotto, M Beggiato, A Penoni, G Palmisano…

Index: Cravotto, Giancarlo; Beggiato, Marina; Penoni, Andrea; Palmisano, Giovanni; Tollari, Stefano; Leveque, Jean-Marc; Bonrath, Werner Tetrahedron Letters, 2005 , vol. 46, # 13 p. 2267 - 2271

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Citation Number: 123

Abstract

Pd-catalyzed homo-and cross-couplings of boronic acids and aryl halides were successfully carried out both in aqueous media under high-intensity ultrasound (US) and in DME under microwave (MW). Heterogeneous catalysis with Pd/C was employed, avoiding phosphine ligands and phase-transfer catalysts. In a trial series involving 15 different iodo-and bromoaryls and 7 boronic acids, both energy sources drastically reduced reaction times ...