... Journal of Catalysis. ... Ligands with strong trans influence (L=phen, bipy, or dppe) direct the oxidative coupling away from 2,X′-isomers (X=2, 3, or 4). Overall, electronic properties of a palladium catalyst are more important than steric restriction of the same catalyst for altering ...
![[1,1'-Biphenyl]-3,3'-dicarboxylicacid, 3,3'-dimethyl ester Structure](https://image.chemsrc.com/caspic/221/1751-97-9.png)
![[1,1'-Biphenyl]-2,2'-dicarboxylicacid, 2,2'-dimethyl ester Structure](https://image.chemsrc.com/caspic/039/5807-64-7.png)
![Dimethyl [1,1'-biphenyl]-2,4'-dicarboxylate Structure](https://image.chemsrc.com/caspic/481/55676-77-2.png)