The natural product squamolone, previously reported as 4-oxoperhydro-1, 3-diazepin-2-one (l), was found to be instead 1-carbamoyl-2-pyrrolidinone (2). An unequivocal synthesis of the diazepinedione 1 starting from glutaric acid monoarnide (6) produced the desired compound in five steps. Diborane reduction of 1 yielded the known perhydro-l,: l-diazepin-2- 0ne (10, tetramethyleneurea), confirming the seven-membered-ring structure of 1. A ...