Abstract The possibility has been studied of converting quaternary 3-anilino-1, 5- dimethylpyrazolium salts into 3-anilino-1, 5-dimethylpyrazole, the first representative of the 1- alkyl-3-arylaminopyrazoles. The dependence of the reaction direction on the nature of the substituent at position 2 has been clarified. The most effective result was obtained with a cyanoethyl substituent. On boiling the initial salt with aqueous ammonia the target product ...