A group of cyclic imides (1–10) was designed for evaluation as a selective COX-2 inhibitors and investigated in vivo for their anti-inflammatory activity. Compounds 6a, 6b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b, 10a and 10b were proved to be potent COX-2 inhibitors with IC50 range of 0.1–4.0 μM. In vitro COX-1/COX-2 inhibition structure–activity studies identified compound 8a as a highly potent (IC50= 0.1 μM), and an extremely selective [COX-2 (SI)> 1000] comparable to ...