Abstract The 4-exo cyclizations of two types of carbamoyl radicals onto O-alkyloxime acceptor groups were studied as potential routes to 3-amino-substituted azetidinones and hence to penicillins. A general synthetic route to 'benzaldehyde oxime oxalate amides'(= 2- [(benzylideneamino) oxy]-2-oxoacetamides; see, eg, 10c) of 2-{[(benzyloxy) imino] methyl}- substituted thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid methyl esters 9 was developed (Scheme 3). It ...