The synthesis of a novel series of potent inhibitors of histone deacetylases is described, based on arylsulfinyl-2, 4-hexadienoic acid hydroxyamides and their derivatives. In vitro IC50 values down to 40 nM were obtained, and several compounds showed inhibition of CEM (human leukemic) cell viability with IC50 of~ 1.5 μM, comparable to or better than that of suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid, an inhibitor of histone deacetylase currently in clinical ...