Phenobarbital (I) is widely used in the treat- 2-Phenylbutyrylurea (11) may ment of epilepsy. CO-NH CO-NH ... I I1 be considered an “open” model of the barbiturate, less one carbon atom. A sample of the ureide (11) was tested by the methods used in our earlier work, and it was found to have definite anticonvulsant properties. The acylureas prepared as a conse- quence of this observation are described in the fol- lowing report. Although most of our acylureas ...