Synthesis of non-substituted phthalocyanines by standard and non-standard techniques. Influence of solvent nature in phthalocyanine preparation at low temperature …

…, UO Méndez, JLA Garza, JRA Rodríguez

Index: Kharisov; Ortiz Mendez; Almaraz Garza; Almaguer Rodriguez New Journal of Chemistry, 2005 , vol. 29, # 5 p. 686 - 692

Full Text: HTML

Citation Number: 16

Abstract

Several synthetic techniques for metal-free phthalocyanines (Pc) and d-and f-metal phthalocyaninates (“PcM”) starting from different precursors (phthalonitrile, urea and phthalic anhydride, phthalimide, phthalic acid, etc.) are reviewed. Conventional methods are presented, as well as some less well-known techniques such as those using ultrasound, laser, microwaves, or nuclear transformation. Special attention is paid to phthalocyanine ...