There are many useful reagents for nitration such as concentrated nitric acid, 3 mixtures of nitric acid with sulfuric acid, 4 nitric acid in acetic anhydride, 5 nitrate salts in trifluoroacetic anhydride, 6 ozone and nitrogen dioxide, 7 N 2 O 5 and Fe(acac) 3 , 8 N-nitropyridinium- and quinolinium salts, 9 nitric acid and trifluoromethanesulfonic acid 10 or trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride, 11 metal nitrates in sulfuric acid, 12 lanthanide(III) nosylates, 13 guanidinium ...