Carbon− carbon bond formation using strong and weak anion-exchange resins as green catalysts for self-and cross-aldol condensation of propanal in aqueous media was investigated. The reaction pathway followed the route of aldol condensation to a β-hydroxy aldehyde and dehydration to an α, β-unsaturated aldehyde. The resulting products were further converted to hemi-acetal, and/or acetal moieties, which were confirmed by FT-IR ...
