RCOOR'+ H2SOd+ RCOOR'H'+ HSOa-Esters which ionize in this manner have a van't Hoff ''2'value of 2 and when their sulfuric acid solutions are poured into water or alcohol they are recovered unchanged. The second type of behavior is exhibited by stronger acids such as trichloroacetic acid, which does not ionize at all and has an “2'value of 1. Type 111, which was discovered by Hammett3 and studied further by NewmanJ4 may be represented by ...
