The β-adrenergic agonist 1 (zilpaterol) is used as production enhancer in cattle. Binding experiments of separated enantiomers on recombinant human β2-adrenergic and μ-opioid receptors and functional studies showed that the (−)-1 enantiomer accounts for essentially all the β2-adrenergic agonist activity and that it exhibits less affinity toward the μ-opioid receptor than (+)-1, which is a μ-opioid receptor antagonist. X-ray crystallography ...