Kaempferol

Modify Date: 2024-01-02 13:39:21

Kaempferol Structure
Kaempferol structure
Common Name Kaempferol
CAS Number 520-18-3 Molecular Weight 286.236
Density 1.7±0.1 g/cm3 Boiling Point 582.1±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Molecular Formula C15H10O6 Melting Point 276°C
MSDS Chinese USA Flash Point 226.1±23.6 °C
Symbol GHS06 GHS08
GHS06, GHS08
Signal Word Danger

 Use of Kaempferol


Kaempferol inhibits estrogen receptor α expression in breast cancer cells and induces apoptosis in glioblastoma cells and lung cancer cells by activation of MEK-MAPK.

 Names

Name kaempferol
Synonym More Synonyms

 Kaempferol Biological Activity

Description Kaempferol inhibits estrogen receptor α expression in breast cancer cells and induces apoptosis in glioblastoma cells and lung cancer cells by activation of MEK-MAPK.
Related Catalog
Target

Estrogen receptor[1]

In Vitro Kaempferol also has anti-inflammatory effects via inhibition of interleukin-4 and cyclo-oxygenase 2 expression by suppressing Src kinase and downregulating the NFκB pathway. Kaempferol is also effective in inhibiting angiogenesis and inducing apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells[1]. Kaempferol is a natural flavonoid that is widely distributed in fruits and vegetables, and prospective studies revealed that over decades, consumption of Kaempferol dramatically and significantly reduces the risk of ovarian cancer in American female nurses. After a 24-hour treatment, Kaempferol causes a significant and concentration-dependent inhibition of proliferation in all 3 ovarian cancer cells tested. This inhibition is observed at 40 μM or higher concentrations of treatment[2]. Kaempferol is a flavonoid which is abundant in a variety of plant derived food and leaves used in traditional medicines. Kaempferol significantly inhibits NADPH oxidase activity. Kaempferol decrease reactive oxygen species (ROS) by directly bound NADPH oxidase. Kaempferol prevents Ang II-induced sinus nodal cell death by lowering CAMKII oxidization[3].10-20 μM Kaempferol dose-dependently suppresses its release in sensitized RBL-2H3 cells. When 10-20 μM Kaempferol is supplemented to DNP-BSA-challenged RBL-2H3 cells for 15 min, the activation of Syk and PLCγ is highly attenuated. When ≥10 μM Kaempferol is added to DNP-BSA-challenged RBL-2H3 cells for 60 min, the COX2 induction is reduced[4].
In Vivo The COX2 induction is confirmed in the airways of BSA-challenged BALB/c mice. There is lack of COX2 in airways of untreated control mice observed. The BSA inhalation to mice led to enhanced COX2 induction (dark brown staining) in mouse airway, which is reversed by oral administration of Kaempferol. In BSA-challenged mice, there is a marked goblet cell hyperplasia and epithelial thickening observed. When 20 mg/kg Kaempferol is supplemented to BSA-challenged mice, the epithelial thickening completely disappeared[4].
Kinase Assay Right atria or sinus nodal cells are homogenized in lysis buffer consisting of (50 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.5, 100 mM KCl, 1 mM ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, 1 mM ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid, 1 mM dithiothreitol, 0.1 mM phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, 0.5 mM Benzamidine, 20 mg/L Leupeptin, 20 mM sodium pyrophosphate, 50 mM NaF, and 50 mM sodium β-glycerophosphate), and total protein content is determined by the Bradford assay. Caspase-3 activity is determined by EnzChek Caspase-3 Assay Kit[3].
Cell Assay Ovarian cancer cells are seeded in 96-well plates at 2000 cells/well and incubated overnight before treatment with 0-160 μM Kaempferol for 24 hours in triplicates. The medium is removed, and the plates are freeze-thawed to lyse cells. Each well is added with 200 μL 1× CyQUANT cell lysis buffer containing 5x SYBR Green I and incubated at room temperature (RT) for 5 minutes. The reaction (50 μL) is transferred to PCR strip tubes and the fluorescent signal is measured at 90°C with a real-time Chromo4 PCR instrument. To ensure that cell proliferation assays are performed within a linear range of cell numbers, a standard curve is generated by seeding different amount of OVCAR-3 cells (based on counting with a hemacytometer) in a 96-well plate, and measuring genomic DNA abundance after overnight incubation. Three independent experiments are performed and data is pooled for statistical analysis[2].
Animal Admin Mice[4] Three-week-old male BALB/c mice are randomly assigned to the four treatment groups as follows (n=8 per group). (1) PBS-sensitized mice; (2) BSA-sensitized mice; (3) BSA-sensitized and 10 mg/kg Kaempferol-administered mice; and (4) BSA-sensitized and 20 mg/kg Kaempferol-administered mice. Mice are given a commercial mouse chow diet containing 20.5% protein, 3.5% fat, 8% fiber, 8% ash, and 0.5% phosphorus and are allowed access to food and water ad libitum. The mice are kept under a 12 h light and dark cycle at 23±1°C with 50%±5% relative humidity in specific pathogen-free conditions. Mice are allowed to become accustomed to their surroundings for one week before starting the allergic experiments. Sensitization of all experimental mice is carried out by subcutaneous injection with 20 μg BSA in 30 μL PBS and 50 μL Imject Alum on days 0 and 14. The control mice are injected with a combination of 50 μL PBS and 50 μL Imject Alum without BSA. On days 28, 29, and 30, only the experimental mice sensitized to BSA are subject to inhalation of 5% BSA, while control mice are challenged with 5% PBS for 20 min in a plastic chamber connected to a Medel aerosol nebulizer. All mice are sacrificed 24 h after the last challenge. Whole blood samples are directly used to measure the contents of eosinophils, basophils and neutrophils. The right lung is stored in 4% paraformaldehyde until use.
References

[1]. Luo H, et al. Kaempferol nanoparticles achieve strong and selective inhibition of ovarian cancer cell viability. Int J Nanomedicine. 2012; 7: 3951-3959.

[2]. Luo H, et al. Kaempferol induces apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells through activating p53 in the intrinsic pathway. Food Chem. 2011 September 15; 128(2): 513-519.

[3]. An M, et al. Protective effects of Kaempferol against cardiac sinus node dysfunction via CaMKII deoxidization. Anat Cell Biol. 2015 Dec;48(4):235-43.

[4]. Shin D, et al. Dietary Compound Kaempferol Inhibits Airway Thickening Induced by Allergic Reaction in a Bovine Serum Albumin-Induced Model of Asthma. Int J Mol Sci. 2015 Dec 16;16(12):29980-95.

 Chemical & Physical Properties

Density 1.7±0.1 g/cm3
Boiling Point 582.1±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Melting Point 276°C
Molecular Formula C15H10O6
Molecular Weight 286.236
Flash Point 226.1±23.6 °C
Exact Mass 286.047729
PSA 111.13000
LogP 2.05
Vapour Pressure 0.0±1.7 mmHg at 25°C
Index of Refraction 1.785
Storage condition −20°C
Water Solubility ethanol: 20 mg/mL

 Toxicological Information

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :
LK9275200
CHEMICAL NAME :
Flavone, 3,4',5,7-tetrahydroxy-
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :
520-18-3
BEILSTEIN REFERENCE NO. :
0304401
LAST UPDATED :
199612
DATA ITEMS CITED :
14
MOLECULAR FORMULA :
C15-H10-O6
MOLECULAR WEIGHT :
286.25
WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :
T66 BO EVJ CR DQ& DQ GQ IQ

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :
Micronucleus test

MUTATION DATA

TYPE OF TEST :
Mutation in mammalian somatic cells
TEST SYSTEM :
Rodent - hamster Ovary
DOSE/DURATION :
25 mg/L
REFERENCE :
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 113,45,1983 *** REVIEWS *** IARC Cancer Review:Animal Inadequate Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 31,171,1983 IARC Cancer Review:Human No Adequate Data IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 31,171,1983 IARC Cancer Review:Group 3 IMSUDL IARC Monographs, Supplement. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) No.1- 1979- Volume(issue)/page/year: 7,56,1987

 Safety Information

Symbol GHS06 GHS08
GHS06, GHS08
Signal Word Danger
Hazard Statements H301-H341
Precautionary Statements P281-P301 + P310
Personal Protective Equipment Eyeshields;Faceshields;Gloves;type P2 (EN 143) respirator cartridges
Hazard Codes Xi:Irritant
Risk Phrases R36/37/38
Safety Phrases S26-S36
RIDADR UN 2811 6.1 / PGIII
WGK Germany -
RTECS LK9275200
HS Code 2914501900

 Synthetic Route

 Customs

HS Code 2914501900
Summary 2914501900 other ketone-phenols。Supervision conditions:None。VAT:17.0%。Tax rebate rate:9.0%。MFN tariff:5.5%。General tariff:30.0%

 Articles186

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 Synonyms

3,4',5,7-Tetrahydroxyflavone Hydrate
4H-1-Benzopyran-4-one, 3,5,7-trihydroxy-2- (4-hydroxyphenyl)-
Pelargidenolon
EINECS 208-287-6
4H-1-Benzopyran-4-one, 3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-
campherol
3,5,7-Trihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4H-chromen-4-one
KaeMpferol Hydrate
MFCD00016938
Swartziol
asurone
3,5,7,4'-tetrahydroxyflavone
nimbecetin
Trifolitin
Populnetin
3 4' 5 7-tetrahydroxyflavone
5,7,4'-trihydroxyflavonol
kampherol
Kaempferol
Rhamnolutin
Robigenin
Swartsiol
Rhamnolutein
3,4',5,7-tetrahydroxyflavone
3,4,5,7-Tetrahydroxyflavone
kempferol
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