limonene

Modify Date: 2024-01-02 13:44:34

limonene Structure
limonene structure
Common Name limonene
CAS Number 138-86-3 Molecular Weight 136.234
Density 0.8±0.1 g/cm3 Boiling Point 175.4±20.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Molecular Formula C10H16 Melting Point -84--104 °C
MSDS Chinese USA Flash Point 42.8±0.0 °C
Symbol GHS02 GHS07 GHS09
GHS02, GHS07, GHS09
Signal Word Warning

 Use of limonene


Limonene is a monoterpene in citrus peel oil. A popular disinfectant and food preservative. Antimicrobial activities[1]. Anti-proliferative activities[2]. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect[3].

 Names

Name limonene
Synonym More Synonyms

 limonene Biological Activity

Description Limonene is a monoterpene in citrus peel oil. A popular disinfectant and food preservative. Antimicrobial activities[1]. Anti-proliferative activities[2]. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect[3].
Related Catalog
Target

Bacterial[1]

In Vitro Acute toxicity to limonene is largely due to the common oxidation product limonene-hydroperoxide. The mutant protein AhpCL177Q 35 is able to alleviate this toxicity by reducing the hydroperoxide to a more benign compound[1]. Limonene exerts anti-proliferative action on a lymphoma cell line without modifying normal lymphocyte viability[2].
In Vivo Limonene (50-100 mg/kg) exerts gastroprotection through local mucosal defense mechanisms, such as increasing the mucus production, modulation of the oxidative stress and inflammatory response and inhibition of Nf-κb expression[3].
References

[1]. Chubukov V, et al. Acute Limonene Toxicity in Escherichia coli Is Caused by Limonene Hydroperoxide and Alleviated by a Point Mutation in Alkyl Hydroperoxidase AhpC. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2015 Jul;81(14):4690-6.

[2]. Roberto D, et al. Antioxidant activity of limonene on normal murine lymphocytes: relation to H2O2 modulation and cell proliferation. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2010 Jan;106(1):38-44.

[3]. de Souza MC, et al. Gastroprotective effect of limonene in rats: Influence on oxidative stress, inflammation and gene expression. Phytomedicine. 2018 Sep 4;53:37-42.

 Chemical & Physical Properties

Density 0.8±0.1 g/cm3
Boiling Point 175.4±20.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Melting Point -84--104 °C
Molecular Formula C10H16
Molecular Weight 136.234
Flash Point 42.8±0.0 °C
Exact Mass 136.125198
LogP 4.45
Vapour density 4.7 (vs air)
Vapour Pressure 1.5±0.2 mmHg at 25°C
Index of Refraction 1.468
Stability Stable. Flammable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
Water Solubility <1 g/100mL

 Toxicological Information

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :
OS8100000
CHEMICAL NAME :
p-Mentha-1,8-diene
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :
138-86-3
LAST UPDATED :
199712
DATA ITEMS CITED :
12
MOLECULAR FORMULA :
C10-H16
MOLECULAR WEIGHT :
136.26
WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :
L6UTJ A1 DY1&U1

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :
Standard Draize test
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Administration onto the skin
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rabbit
REFERENCE :
FCTXAV Food and Cosmetics Toxicology. (London, UK) V.1-19, 1963-81. For publisher information, see FCTOD7. Volume(issue)/page/year: 12,703,1974 ** ACUTE TOXICITY DATA **
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
5300 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
FCTXAV Food and Cosmetics Toxicology. (London, UK) V.1-19, 1963-81. For publisher information, see FCTOD7. Volume(issue)/page/year: 12,703,1974
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
5550 uL/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
ZYZAEU Zhongguo Yaoxue Zazhi. Chinese Pharmacuetical Journal. (China International Book Trading Corp., POB 2820, Beijing, Peop. China) V.24- 1989- Volume(issue)/page/year: 24,700,1989
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
1010 uL/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
ZYZAEU Zhongguo Yaoxue Zazhi. Chinese Pharmacuetical Journal. (China International Book Trading Corp., POB 2820, Beijing, Peop. China) V.24- 1989- Volume(issue)/page/year: 24,700,1989
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Unreported
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Mammal - species unspecified
DOSE/DURATION :
4600 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
RCTOE4 Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. (Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., Service Center, 44 Hartz Way, Secaucus, NJ 07094) V.98- 1987- Volume(issue)/page/year: 113,47,1990 *** REVIEWS *** TOXICOLOGY REVIEW ZKKOBW Zeitschrift fuer Krebsforschung und Klinische Onkologie. (Berlin, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.76-92, 1971-78. For publisher information, see JCROD7. Volume(issue)/page/year: 78,99,1972 *** U.S. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS *** EPA FIFRA 1988 PESTICIDE SUBJECT TO REGISTRATION OR RE-REGISTRATION FEREAC Federal Register. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) V.1- 1936- Volume(issue)/page/year: 54,7740,1989 *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - M1342 No. of Facilities: 3959 (estimated) No. of Industries: 70 No. of Occupations: 60 No. of Employees: 45463 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - M1342 No. of Facilities: 12642 (estimated) No. of Industries: 103 No. of Occupations: 90 No. of Employees: 185336 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 45650 (estimated)

 Safety Information

Symbol GHS02 GHS07 GHS09
GHS02, GHS07, GHS09
Signal Word Warning
Hazard Statements H226-H315-H317-H410
Precautionary Statements P273-P280-P501
Personal Protective Equipment Eyeshields;Faceshields;full-face respirator (US);Gloves;multi-purpose combination respirator cartridge (US);type ABEK (EN14387) respirator filter
Hazard Codes Xi:Irritant;N:Dangerousfortheenvironment;
Risk Phrases R10;R38;R43;R50/53
Safety Phrases S24-S37-S60-S61
RIDADR UN 2052 3/PG 3
WGK Germany 2
RTECS OS8350000
Packaging Group III
Hazard Class 3
HS Code 2942000000

 Synthetic Route

 Customs

HS Code 2942000000

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 Synonyms

Cyclohexene, 4-Isopropenyl-1-methyl-
EINECS 227-815-6
p-mentha-1,8-diene
(±)-p-Mentha-1,8-diene
Mentha-1,8-diene, DL
4-(1-methylethenyl)-1-methyl-cyclohexene
Methyl-4-isopropenyl-1-cyclohexene
Limonene, dl-
Methyl-4-isopropenylcyclohexene
(±)-Limonene
Cyclohexene, 1-methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)-
Dipanol
DL-p-mentha-1,8-diene
p-Mentha-1,8-diene, (±)-
Methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)cyclohexene
Unitene
(±)-(RS)-limonene
Depanol
a-limonene
p-menth-1,8-diene
Nesol
MFCD00001558
1-Methyl-4-methylethenylcyclohexene
Mentha-1,8-diene
α-Limonene
Cinen
Eulimen
limonene, (±)-isomer
4-Isopropenyl-1-methylcyclohexene
dycom
Ciene
Limonene
Limonene, (±)-
Cinene
1,8-p-Mentadiene
1-methyl-4-(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohexene
p-Mentha-1,8-diene, DL-
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