Gallic acid hydrate

Names

[ Name ]:
Gallic acid hydrate

[Synonym ]:
Benzoic acid, 3,4,5-trihydroxy-, hydrate (1:1)
Gallic acid monohydrate
3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid hydrate (1:1)
MFCD00002510
3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid,hydrate
EINECS 205-749-9

Biological Activity

[Description]:

Gallic acid (3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid) hydrate is a natural polyhydroxyphenolic compound and an free radical scavenger to inhibit cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)[1]. Gallic acid hydrate has various activities, such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anticance activities[2].

[Related Catalog]:

Signaling Pathways >> Apoptosis >> Apoptosis

Research Areas >> Cancer

Signaling Pathways >> Apoptosis >> Ferroptosis

Research Areas >> Inflammation/Immunology

Signaling Pathways >> Immunology/Inflammation >> COX

[Target]

COX-2

Human Endogenous Metabolite

[In Vitro]

Gallic acid is an antioxidant which can inhibit both COX-2[1]. After 18 h treatment with Gallic acid, the number of viable neutrophils is dramatically decreased from 40.3% to 27.7%, highly comparable with 26.4% for untreated neutrophils. Gallic acid fails to attenuate isoproterenol-induced myocytolysis[3].

[In Vivo]

The food intake (2.6±0.08 g/day, p=0.69) and the body weight (2.5±0.69 g, p=0.76) of the Gallic acid group do not differ significantly from those of the control group (food intake; 2.41±0.14 g/day and the body weight; 2.83±0.84 g/day). The blood glucose tolerance in the Gallic acid group is significantly improved after 2 weeks of treatment. The blood glucose tolerance of the Gallic acid group after a treatment period of 2 weeks is also significantly better than that of the control group at 90 and 120 min ( p<0.05). The serum triglyceride concentration in the Gallic acid group (0.67±0.03 mM, p<0.05) is significantly reduced relative to that of the control group (1.08±0.20 mM). The total cholesterol concentration is similar in the control (3.19±0.27 mM) and Gallic acid (3.01±0.18 mM) groups[2].

[References]

[1]. Amaravani M, et al. COX-2 structural analysis and docking studies with gallic acid structural analogues. Springerplus. 2012 Dec;1(1):58.

[2]. Bak EJ, et al. Gallic acid improves glucose tolerance and triglyceride concentration in diet-induced obesity mice. Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 2013 Dec;73(8):607-14.

[3]. Cheng Y, et al. Plant Natural Products Calycosin and Gallic Acid Synergistically Attenuate Neutrophil Infiltration and Subsequent Injury in Isoproterenol-Induced Myocardial Infarction: A Possible Role for Leukotriene B4 12-Hydroxydehydrogenase? Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2015;2015:434052.

[4]. Felipe Hugo Alencar Fernandes, et al. Gallic Acid: Review of the Methods of Determination and Quantification. Crit Rev Anal Chem

Chemical & Physical Properties

[ Density]:
1.694

[ Boiling Point ]:
596.6ºC at 760 mmHg

[ Melting Point ]:
252 °C (dec.)(lit.)

[ Molecular Formula ]:
C₇H₈O₆

[ Molecular Weight ]:
188.135

[ Flash Point ]:
250 °C

[ Exact Mass ]:
188.032089

[ PSA ]:
107.22000

[ LogP ]:
0.43730

[ Water Solubility ]:
15 g/l (20 ºC)

MSDS

Click to get detail MSDS

Safety Information

[ Personal Protective Equipment ]:
dust mask type N95 (US);Eyeshields;Gloves

[ Hazard Codes ]:
Xi:Irritant;

[ Risk Phrases ]:
R36/37/38

[ Safety Phrases ]:
S26-S36-S24/25

[ RIDADR ]:
NONH for all modes of transport

[ WGK Germany ]:
2

[ RTECS ]:
LW7525000

[ HS Code ]:
2918290000

Precursor & DownStream

Precursor

DownStream

Customs

[ HS Code ]: 2918290000

[ Summary ]:
HS: 2918290000 other carboxylic acids with phenol function but without other oxygen function, their anhydrides, halides, peroxides, peroxyacids and their derivatives Tax rebate rate:9.0% Supervision conditions:AB(certificate of inspection for goods inward,certificate of inspection for goods outward) VAT:17.0% MFN tariff:6.5% General tariff:30.0%

Articles

Spectrophotometric total reducing sugars assay based on cupric reduction.

Talanta 147 , 162-8, (2015)

As the concentration of reducing sugars (RS) is controlled by European legislation for certain specific food and beverages, a simple and sensitive spectrophotometric method for the determination of RS...

Surfactants, aromatic and isoprenoid compounds, and fatty acid biosynthesis inhibitors suppress Staphylococcus aureus production of toxic shock syndrome toxin 1.

Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 53 , 1898-906, (2009)

Menstrual toxic shock syndrome is a rare but potentially life-threatening illness manifest through the actions of Staphylococcus aureus toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (TSST-1). Previous studies have sho...

Inhibition of 15-lipoxygenase-catalysed oxygenation of arachidonic acid by substituted benzoic acids.

Bioorg. Med. Chem. 16 , 4589-93, (2008)

Elevated levels of phospholipases, prostaglandin synthases and lipoxygenases in colonic cells at various stages of malignancy indicate a strong link between dietary lipids and colon cancer. Lipoxygena...