Thiamine nitrate

Thiamine nitrate is an essential vitamin which can enhance normal neuronal actives.

Signaling Pathways >> Others >> Others

Research Areas >> Metabolic Disease

Thiamine levels in the blood of homozygous KO and KI mice fed a conventional diet are decreased to 0.058±0.051 and 0.126±0.092 μM, respectively, at 7 weeks compare to WT mice (0.796±0.259 μM). When WT and homozygous KO and KI mice are fed a Thiamine-restricted diet (Thiamine: 0.60 mg/100 g food), blood Thiamine concentration at 5 and 14 days is markedly decreased to 0.010±0.009 and 0.010±0.006 μM, respectively, compare to WT mice (0.609±0.288 μM). Thiamine concentration in brain homogenate of WT mice fed a conventional diet is 3.81±2.18 nmol/g wet weight, and that of KO and KI is 1.33±0.96 and 2.16±1.55 nmol/g wet weight, respectively. Notably, Thiamine concentration in brain homogenate decreases steadily in KO and KI mice fed a thiamine-restrict diet (Thiamine: 0.60 mg/100 g food) for 5 days (0.95±0.72 nmol/g wet weight) and 14 days (1.11±0.24 nmol/g wet weight), respectively, compare to WT (3.65±1.02 nmol/g wet weight), before the mice presenting an phenotype of disease[2].

WT, homozygous, and heterozygous KO and KI mice fed a conventional diet (thiamine: 1.71 mg/100 g) survive for over 6 months without any phenotype of disease. Homozygous KO and KI mice fed a Thiamine-restricted diet (thiamine: 0.60 mg/100 g food) show paralysis, weight loss, and immobility, and die within 12 and 30 days, respectively. Similarly, homozygous KO and KI mice fed a Thiamine-restricted diet with an even lower percentage of Thiamine (Thiamine: 0.27 mg/100 g food) die within 14 and 18 days, respectively. However, WT and heterozygous KO and KI mice fed a Thiamine-restricted diet (Thiamine: 0.60 mg or 0.27 mg/100g food) survive for over 6 months without any phenotype of disease[2].

Slc19a3 E314Q KI mice are maintained routinely with conventional diet, which has a Thiamine concentration (thiamine hydrochloride, MW=337.3) of 1.71 mg/100 g food. Two types of Thiamine-restrict food base on “purified diets for laboratory rodents” are prepared, in which Thiamine concentration is 0.60 mg/100 g food (35% Thiamine of conventional food) or 0.27 mg/100 g food (16% Thiamine of conventional food). A high-Thiamine-containing food is also prepared from AIN-93M, in which Thiamine concentration is five times that of CE-2 (thiamine: 8.50 mg/100 g food)[2].

[1]. Kenneth Osiezagha, et al.Thiamine Deficiency and Delirium. Innov Clin Neurosci. 2013 Apr; 10(4): 26-32.

[2]. Kaoru Suzuki, et al. High-dose thiamine prevents brain lesions and prolongs survival ofSlc19a3-deficient mice. PLoS One. 2017; 12(6): e0180279.

Captisol | Cyclosporin A | H2DCFDA | 0MPTP hydrochloride | GW4869 | Etomoxir | TD139 | Mitoquinone mesylate | GSK2795039 | JC-1 | BAPTA-AM | AP 20187 | Setanaxib (GKT137831) | D-Luciferin | Crotaline

MOLECULAR FORMULA :

C12-H17-N4-O-S.N-O3

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :

327.40

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :

T6N CNJ B1 DZ E1- AT5K CSJ D2Q E1 &Q &N-O3

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :

113 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - muscle contraction or spasticity Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - cyanosis Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes

REFERENCE :

PSEBAA Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1903/04- Volume(issue)/page/year: 68,153,1948

TYPE OF TEST :

LD - Lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

>5 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :

ARZNAD Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. (Editio Cantor Verlag, Postfach 1255, W-7960 Aulendorf, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.1- 1951- Volume(issue)/page/year: 42,114,1992

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

387 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - muscle contraction or spasticity Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - cyanosis Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes

REFERENCE :

PSEBAA Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1903/04- Volume(issue)/page/year: 68,153,1948

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

84 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - muscle contraction or spasticity Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - cyanosis Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes

REFERENCE :

PSEBAA Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1903/04- Volume(issue)/page/year: 68,153,1948

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Mammal - dog

DOSE/DURATION :

350 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :

NIIRDN Drugs in Japan (Ethical Drugs). (Yakugyo Jiho Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) Volume(issue)/page/year: 6,449,1982

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :

300 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :

NIIRDN Drugs in Japan (Ethical Drugs). (Yakugyo Jiho Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) Volume(issue)/page/year: 6,449,1982 *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 80545 No. of Facilities: 177 (estimated) No. of Industries: 4 No. of Occupations: 12 No. of Employees: 15363 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 80545 No. of Facilities: 1106 (estimated) No. of Industries: 8 No. of Occupations: 36 No. of Employees: 39898 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 18813 (estimated)