GTS-21

Names

[ Name ]:
GTS-21

[Synonym ]:
3-(2,4-Dimethoxy-benzyl)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-[2,3']bipyridinyl
3-[(3E)-3-[(2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)methylidene]-5,6-dihydro-4H-pyridin-2-yl]pyridine dihydrochloride
3-(2,4-dimethoxybenzylidene)anabaseine
2,3'-Bipyridine, 3-[(2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)methylene]-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-, (3E)-
3-(2,4-Dimethoxybenzyl)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2,3'-bipyridine
(3E)-3-(2,4-Dimethoxybenzylidene)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2,3'-bipyridine
3-(2,4)-DiMethoxybenzylidineanabaseine
GTS-21
DMXB-A
GTS 21 2HCl
GTS-21 (dihydrochloride)

Biological Activity

[Description]:

GTS-21 dihydrochloride is a selective α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist, has recently been established as a promising treatment for inflammation. Target: nAChRin vitro: GTS-21 is one of the most potent α7nAChR agonists, has been reported to attenuate pro-inflammatory cytokine production, improve outcomes in sepsis models, pancreatitis, and ischemia-reperfusion injury, and inhibit the production of endotoxin-induced TNF in lung tissue. In addition, recent studies have demonstrated that GTS-21 inhibits the activities of endothelial cells and monocyte macrophages, as well as the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines in peripheral blood samples, by regulating the JAK2-STAT3 pathway. [1] in vivo: In septic animals, GTS-21 significantly ameliorated GI motility, lowered systemic and colonic levels of IL-6, decreased colonic permeability, and decreased the number of positive cultures obtained from blood and mesenteric lymph nodes. Splenectomy prevented animals from developing sepsis-induced ileus. Chrna7 mice displayed a more severe septic phenotype, whereas GTS-21 remarkably was also beneficial in these animals. [2]

[Related Catalog]:

Signaling Pathways >> Membrane Transporter/Ion Channel >> nAChR

Signaling Pathways >> Neuronal Signaling >> nAChR

Research Areas >> Inflammation/Immunology

[References]

[1]. Yue Y, et al. GTS-21 attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory cytokine production in vitro by modulating the Akt and NF-κB signaling pathway through the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Int Immunopharmacol. 2015 Dec;29(2):504-12.

[2]. Nullens S, et al. EFFECT OF GTS-21, AN ALPHA7 NICOTINIC ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR AGONIST, ON CLP-INDUCED INFLAMMATORY, GASTROINTESTINAL MOTILITY, AND COLONIC PERMEABILITY CHANGES IN MICE. Shock. 2016 Apr;45(4):450-9.

[Related Small Molecules]

Chemical & Physical Properties

[ Density]:
1.1±0.1 g/cm3

[ Boiling Point ]:
485.6±45.0 °C at 760 mmHg

[ Melting Point ]:
216-217℃ (decomposition)

[ Molecular Formula ]:
C₁₉H₂₂Cl₂N₂O₂

[ Molecular Weight ]:
381.30

[ Flash Point ]:
247.5±28.7 °C

[ PSA ]:
43.71000

[ LogP ]:
2.64

[ Appearance of Characters ]:
powder,faint yellow to dark yellow

[ Vapour Pressure ]:
0.0±1.2 mmHg at 25°C

[ Index of Refraction ]:
1.580

[ Storage condition ]:
2-8°C

[ Water Solubility ]:
H2O: >5mg/mL

Safety Information

[ RIDADR ]:
NONH for all modes of transport

[ WGK Germany ]:
3

[ RTECS ]:
DW1764860

[ HS Code ]:
2933399090

Customs

[ HS Code ]: 2933399090

[ Summary ]:
2933399090. other compounds containing an unfused pyridine ring (whether or not hydrogenated) in the structure. VAT:17.0%. Tax rebate rate:13.0%. . MFN tariff:6.5%. General tariff:20.0%

Articles

Central muscarinic cholinergic activation alters interaction between splenic dendritic cell and CD4+CD25- T cells in experimental colitis.

PLoS ONE 9(10) , e109272, (2014)

The cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP) is based on vagus nerve (VN) activity that regulates macrophage and dendritic cell responses in the spleen through alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine recep...

Pro-cognitive activity in rats of 3-furan-2-yl-N-p-tolyl-acrylamide, a positive allosteric modulator of the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor.

Br. J. Pharmacol. 172 , 5123-35, (2015)

α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α7 nAChRs) may represent useful targets for cognitive improvement. The aim of this study is to compare the pro-cognitive activity of selective α7-nAChR ligands, i...

The α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ligands methyllycaconitine, NS6740 and GTS-21 reduce lipopolysaccharide-induced TNF-α release from microglia.

J. Neuroimmunol. 251(1-2) , 65-72, (2012)

The anti-inflammatory properties of, particularly the α7, nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in the peripheral immune system are well documented. There are also reports of anti-inflammatory ac...